Measures and yields of products and residues 



3253 



81 to 107 cu ft per long cord for peeled topwood and crooked, knotty bole wood. 

 Based on examination of 41 stacks of topwood and cull bolewood, the following 

 equation was developed to predict solid wood volume: 



Vw = 0.2342 N + 0.4403 R + 72.0569 (27-1) 



where: 



Vw =wood volume (cu ft) per 160-cu-ft long cord of peeled sticks 

 N = number of sticks per unit 

 R = percent of sticks round 



A cord of large bolts contains more solid material than a cord of small bolts 

 (tables 27-1, 27-2; fig. 27-1). Large bolts tend to come from the lower bole 

 positions and are straighter and more nearly free of trimmed branches and 

 protruding knots than small bolts. 



8 10 12 14 16 18 20 



SMALL-END DIAMETER INSIDE BARK (INCHES) 



Figure 27-1 . — Relationship of log length and diameter to the decimal fraction of a cord 

 provided by each log; e.g., two 10-foot-long logs measuring 30 inches in dib at the 

 small end are required for a 160-cubic-foot cord comprised of 5-foot lengths of 

 peeled and split mixed oak sticks. (Drawing after Barrett et al. 1941.) 



However, Barrett et al. (1941) found that in cords composed of oak topwood 

 and crooked, knotty bolewood, small sticks resulted in higher wood volume than 

 did large sticks (fig. 27-2). The explanation is that for ease of handling, rela- 

 tively straight-grained, smooth sections were split into small pieces, but large 

 pieces that were especially knotty or crooked could not be split and were left 

 whole. The knots and crook associated with large pieces, therefore, resulted in 



