Measures and yields of products and residues 3263 



where: 



V = cubic volume inside bark, cu ft 



D = average large-end diameter inside bark, inches 

 d = average small-end diameter inside bark, inches 

 L = log scaling length, feet 



This formula may be used for metric log scaling in cubic meters by noting 

 diameters in centimeters and length in meters and then changing the constant 

 0.005454 to 0.00007854 (Hartman et al. 1978). Gross scale may be reduced if 

 defects are visible. 



For yeiiow-poplar sawlogs, the cubic volume without bark can be estimated 

 using the following equation: 



V = 0.23526 + 0.00618 D^L R^ = 0.99 (27-13) 



Sy.x = 0.03 

 where 



V = volume without bark, cu ft 

 D = log-scaling diameter, inches 

 L = log length, feet 



This equation was developed by Clark (1976) from measurement of 230 sawlogs 

 in western North Carolina. 



Cubic feet in individual trees. — Gross cubic foot volumes (inside bark) 

 based on length and form class (equation 27-2) of merchantable stems have been 

 published by Mesavage (1947); tables 27-49 and 27-50, applicable to form 

 classes 70, 80, and 90, give values typical of hardwoods growing on southern 

 pine sites. 



Tables and equations for estimating cubic volumes have also been developed 

 for individual species. 



For white oak, red oaks (black and northern red), or red maple growing in 

 the Appalachian region of Virginia, main stem volume can be predicted using 

 the following equation (Oderwald and Yaussy 1980): 



(2b+l) (H-4.5)2b / 



where 



V = cubic foot volume 

 k =tt/(2.12)2 



D = diameter at breast height, inches 

 H = total height, feet 

 d = desired top diameter, inches 

 b =the appropriate species coefficient 



To determine volume outside bark, d is calculated as the desired top diameter 

 outside bark, and the appropriate species coefficient is inserted in equation 27- 

 14: 



white oak 0.72858 



red oak 72735 



red maple 73045 



