Measures and yields of products and residues 32.11 



Clark et al. (1974) found that in mountain cove stands of North Carolina the 

 density of yellow-poplar averaged 48.5 pounds/cu ft (table 27-100). 



In an early study of sweetgum, Chittenden and Hatt (1905) reported that 

 ovendry wood weighs about 30.2 pounds per cubic foot. Wood thoroughly 

 airdried (i.e., containing 15 percent moisture) weighed about 32.4 pounds per 

 cubic foot. And green wood from Hollywood, Alabama, weighed, on the aver- 

 age 49.2 pounds per cubic foot, with a range of 38.8 to 66 pounds per cubic foot. 



As part of a biomass study in a Louisiana pine-hardwood stand (Hughes 

 1978), bulk density was determined for four classes of hardwood timber (table 

 27-101); in general, the tops of sawtimber trees were more dense than the sawlog 

 portion. 



Similar data for sweetgum and for chestnut, northern red, scarlet, southern 

 red, and white oaks from the Southeast are given in the species descriptions of 

 section 16-1, and for three of the oaks in table 13-23. 



The density of hardwood sawlogs was investigated by Timson (1975). He 

 reported that sawlogs harvested in western Virginia, West Virginia, and western 

 Maryland had green weights per cubic foot ranging from 46 pounds for white ash 

 to 59 pounds for true hickory, chestnut oak, northern red oak, and yellow-poplar 

 (see section 7-1). 



For data on bulk density of semi-manufactured products, see sections 13-6 

 and 16-3 as follows: 



Product Table 



Bark residues 13-42 (and related discussion) 



Whole-tree chips 16-44 



Bark-free chips 16-44 



Pulp chips and fibers 16-44 A 



Sawdust 16-44, 16-46 



Planer shavings 1 6-44 



Flakes 16-44 



Branches 16-45 



Logging residue chunks 1 6-45 



Steel-strapped firewood 16-45 



Weight of lumber. — Estimated lumber weights for all standard items are 

 included in grade books for hardwoods, e.g.. National Hardwood Lumber 

 Association (1978). The tabulated values are not actual weights, however, but 

 are used in computing delivered prices per Mbf of lumber in freight movements. 

 Railroads base their transportation charges to the shipper on actual lumber 

 weights, which are generally less than the estimated weights tabulated in grade 

 books. 



Accurate weights of Mbf lumber scale can be computed by multiplying the 

 appropriate weight per cubic foot (from table 7-1) by the actual cubic foot 

 content of 1 ,000 bd/ft of lumber. 



In a North Carolina study of yellow-poplar sawtimber (Clark et al. 1974), 

 lumber weight per green rough board foot averaged 4.6 pounds (table 27-100). 



