128 A Manual of Veterinary Physiology. 



This remarkable difference indicates that the proteid 

 molecule may consist of two parts, an anti and hemi 

 portion yielding respectively anti-albumose and anti- 

 peptone, and hemi-albumose and hemi-peptone. 



Much confusion has occurred through the difference in 

 the nomenclature adopted by various observers in describ- 

 ing these different products. The one most generally em- 

 ployed is that of Kuhne's, given above, and here tabulated :* 



Albumin. 



I 



I I 



Hemi-albumin. Anti-albumin. 



I I 



Hemi-albuminose. Anti-albuminose. 



I I 



Hemi-peptone. Anti-peptone. 



Amylolytic Changes. — We have referred to other changes 

 occurring in the stomach independently of peptonizing 

 There can be no doubt that starch is converted into sugar ; 

 all the sugar I have found in the stomach could not have 

 been converted in the mouth, considering the feeble action 

 of horse's saliva. Assuming, however, that the saliva assists, 

 we know from the researches of Ellenberger and Hofmeister 

 that it can convert starch into sugar even in the presence 

 of 2 per cent, lactic acid ; whilst it ceases in the presence 

 of -5 per cent, hydrochloric acid. The whole of the starch, 

 however, is not converted in the stomach, for some may be 

 distinctly found in the early part of the small intestines. 



Ellenberger and Hofmeister are of opinion that starch 

 conversion in the stomach of the horse occurs not only 

 through the saliva swallowed, but by the development of 

 ferments from the food ; they found that oats could yield 

 a starch-converting ferment active at the body temperature, 

 but destroyed by boiling ; they have further stated that 

 starch-converting ferments may in the horse be derived 

 from the air swallowed with the food. 



The view I hold as to the means by which the 

 starch is converted into sugar by the horse is as follows : 

 * Copied from Halliburton. 



