The Locomotor Apparatus. 337 



foot is a large and gradually increasing one ; it then rapidly 

 descends as extension occurs. 



Marey and Pages' foot-curve, which is the only one I 

 have worked out, agrees with rny results, which were 

 obtained by walking the horse past a vertical piece of 

 prepared canvas, and a blacklead pencil being attached 

 laterally to the foot the path was readily traced on the 

 canvas. 



The curves described by the fore-limb from the time it 

 touches the ground until it leaves it are shown in Fig. 38, A. 

 The shoulder sinks, the joint coming nearer the ground 

 due to the forward movement of the body, which, from my 

 observation, is the cause of collar-galling when collars 

 are too wide, for the depression of one shoulder and the 

 elevation of the opposite one produces considerable side-to- 

 side movement, and consequently great friction. While the 

 body is passing over the leg the elbow slightly rises, due to 

 the ascent of the fetlock ; this also produces a well-marked 

 curve in the path of the knee, the fetlock-curve is naturally 

 the steepest ; we notice that there is first a sinking back- 

 wards in the fetlock curve before it rises ; this occurs at 

 the moment the weight of the body commences to pass 

 over the foot (Fig. 38, A, 1 and 2). 



Following now the curves of the hind-limb from the time 

 it leaves the ground until it meets it again (Fig. 39, B), we 

 find the stifle-curve rises and then slightly falls as the leg 

 touches the ground ; the hock-curve is highest at the first 

 half of the movement, and then falls; the fetlock-curve 

 rises, being greatest at the middle of the movement, and 

 then falling; the foot-curve is greatest at the commence- 

 ment of the movement. 



In examining the curves of the same limb from the time 

 it reaches until it leaves the ground (Fig. 39, A), there is a 

 well-marked up-and-down curve in both hip and stifle, that 

 of the stifle being particularly marked towards the end of 

 the movement, and due to the extension of the leg; the 

 hock-curve rises the whole way, whilst the fetlock- curve is 

 rather a flat one compared with the fore-leg. 



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