The Locomotor Apparatus. 351 



elsewhere,* as fully as is possible in our present state of 

 knowledge. The whole subject requires to be gone into 

 carefully, both mathematically and by direct experiment. 

 In the work alluded to will be found formulae for calculat- 

 ing the foot-tons of work performed both in saddle and 

 draught, though the results can only be regarded as 

 approximately true. 



The normal work of horses would appear to be 3,000 

 foot-tons per diem ; a hard day's work is equivalent to 

 4,000 foot-tons, and a severe day's work is 5,000 foot-tons. 

 Redtenbacher places the daily work of a horse for 8 hours 

 at 6,700 foot-tons, and Rankine's tables showf that a 

 draught horse exercising a force of traction of 120 lbs. for 

 8 hours a day, performs G,20U foot- tons of work. I think 

 both these estimates are without doubt too high. The 

 co-efficients of resistance I have employed in my calcu- 

 lations, were those determined for man by the Rev. Professor 

 Haughton. I know of none especially calculated for the 

 quadruped. Assuming the weight of the animal, plus the 

 weight carried or drawn, to be equal to 1,000 lbs., then 

 3,000 foot-tons of work will be obtained by the following : 



Walking at 3 miles per hour for rt-7 hours. 



„ 4 „ „ 5-3 „ 



» 5 „ „ 3-7 „ 



Trotting „ 8 „ „ 1'5 „ 



Cantering „ 11 ,, ,, 1 „ 



This table is only given as a means of conveying to the 

 mind the value of 3,000 foot-tons of work. 



The Velocity of the gallop has been variously stated, but 

 it is certain that no horse has galloped 1 mile in 1 minute 

 as is reported of Flying Guilders. Firetail's mile in 

 1 minute 40 seconds in 1772, was beaten in 1890 in the 

 United States by Salvator's mile in 1 minute 35£ seconds. 

 This horse was galloped on a straight course against time, 

 the weight carried being 7 stone 12 lbs., the age of the animal 

 four years. The best time in a race has been quoted at 



* ' Veterinary Hygiene.' 



f 'Encyclopaedia Britannica,' art. 'Animal Mechanics.' 



