376 A Manual of Veterinary Physiology. 



whilst the braying of the ass is both an inspiratory and 

 expiratory effort. In both cases the sound partly comes 

 through the mouth. 



In the ox, sheep, and goat there are no ventricles in the 

 larynx, and only rudimentary vocal cords. In the ass the 

 ventricles are very large. 



Yawning is a deep, slow inspiration, and though the horse 

 opens the mouth and slightly crosses the jaws, I am not 

 certain whether the whole of the air or only part of it 

 passes by the mouth. 



Sneezing and coughing are expiratory efforts, the former 

 occurring through the nostrils, the latter through the 

 mouth ; but in both yawning and coughing the long soft 

 palate of the horse must be raised to allow the air to pass 

 into the mouth. 



