452 VEGETABLE DRUGS 



4. Ipecac is probably the best single remedy for the 

 treatment of dysentery. It should be given in the form of 

 powder, bolus, or pill every four hours, combined with 

 opium to prevent nausea or vomiting. Extemporaneous 

 decoctions are likewise useful given in the form of enemata,. 

 and may take ihe place of the drug by the mouth in. 

 dysentery or chronic diarrhoea. Ipecac has been used 

 successfully in the treatment of anthrax, in man, by dusting 

 the powdered drug over the external lesion and giving it 

 internally every two hours. 



SECTION VIII.-ANTIPYKETIC AND ANTISEPTIC 

 ORGANIC AGENTS. 



Class 1. — Cinchona and its Alkaloids. 



Cinchona. Cinchona. (U. S. P.) 



Synonym. — Cinchonae cortex, B.P. ; cortex chinae, E. ; 

 quinquina, Fr. ; chinarinde, G. 



The bark of Cinchona calisaya Weddell, Cinchona 

 ofl&cialis Linne, and of hybrids of these and of other species 

 of cinchona (nat. ord. Rubiaceae), yielding when assayed not 

 less than 5 per cent, of total alkaloids, and at least 2.5 per 

 cent, of quinine. 



Habitat — Indigenous in South America on the east 

 slope of the Andes, and northwards into Colombia ; south- 

 wards to the lower part of Bolivia, at altitudes varying from 

 5,000 to 10,000 ft. Cultivated in India, East Indies, Jamaica,, 

 and to some extent in South America. 



Description. — In quills or incurved pieces, varying in 

 length, and usually 2 or 3 or sometimes 5 Mm. thick. The 

 outer surface covered with a gray or brownish-gray cork, 

 usually slightly wrinkled, marked with transverse, and also 

 with intersecting, longitudinal fissures (C. Calisaya), and 

 sometimes with scattered warts and slight, longitudinal 



