478 VEGETABLE DRUGS 



constant painful passage of high-colored urine, owing to 

 irritation of the urinary mucous membrane and muscular 

 spasm of the urethra (strangury). Menorrhagia and dys- 

 raenorrhoea occur in females under the influence of the 

 oil. Acute nephritis, and complete suppression of urine 

 follow great toxic doses. The urine has sometimes the odor 

 of violets. 



Elimination, — Turpentine is eliminated in the urine, 

 breath, and, to some extent, in the bile and intestinal mucus; 

 slightly by the skin. 



Toxicology. — Turpentine poisoning is not an uncommon 

 occurrence from the administration of large doses (undiluted) 

 by empirics. Post mortem appearances reveal gastro- 

 enteritis, sometimes congestion and inflammation of the 

 lungs, and fatty degeneration of the liver, kidney and 

 muscles, following prolonged use of the oil. 



The action of terebene and terpin hydrate is very 

 similar to oil of turpentine. 



Administration, — Oil of turpentine is given with eight or 

 more times its volume of cottonseed or linseed oil, gruel, or 

 milk ; and in emulsion with acacia or white of egg. An 

 emulsion is made by shaking a single dose with powdered 

 acacia, and adding water or oil. Terebene is administered 

 in a similar manner. Terpin hydrate may be exhibited in 

 pill, ball or alcoholic solution. 



USES OF OIL OF TURPENTINE, TEREBENE AND TERPIN HYDRATE. 



External. — Oil of turpentine is employed as a stimulant 

 and counter-irritant #with two or three parts of cottonseed 

 oil and soap liniment, or as the official liniment in rheuma- 

 tism, myalgia, sprains, shoulder lameness, swollen joints, 

 gangrene, frost bites, burns and ulcers. It is serviceable in 

 the same form and for the same actions applied to " sitfasts " 

 and obstinate ulceration about the heels in horses, and in 

 footrot of sheep. As a parasiticide, the oil, diluted two or 

 three times with sweet oil, is painted on the skin to till 

 ringworm and lice. 



