COLD A^'D HEAT 685 



the tube. The ordinary fountain syringe is the best appa- 

 ratus for smaller animals. 



Dry Heat may be applied by means of hot blankets, hot 

 water bags, hot salt or sand in cloth bags, a flatiron or hot, 

 wet cloths between waterproof coverings. Dry heat is often 

 preferable to moist heat for simply relieving pain and con- 

 gestion, as animals are less apt to become chilled by drafts 

 and evaporation from the surface afterwards. It is gener- 

 ally more difficult to obtain, however. 



Inhalations of plain or medicated steam are given for 

 their local effect on the mucous membranes of the upper air 

 passages. The moist heat has a soothing action on the 

 nerves, and tends to loosen dry exudations. Agents may be 

 incorporated in the inhalation haviug a sedative, stimulating 

 or antiseptic action. (Yid. " Agents Acting on Respiratory 

 Organs," pp. 47, 48.) 



The technique consists in placing a bucket containing 

 a boiling mash under the horse's nose, or in pouring cool 

 water over a heated brick or iron in the bottom of a pail. 

 The practice of tying a bag over a horse's head, and steam- 

 ing him therein, is bad, if the animal is suffering from 

 respiratory troubles, as insufficient pure air is obtainable. 

 A dog may be placed on the seat of a cane bottomed chair, 

 and covered loosely with a sheet over the whole, the steam 

 being generated in a vessel beneath. 



Hot Baths at a temperature of 98° to 110° F. are imprac- 

 ticable for larger animals. They can be given to the smaller 

 animals in collapse, shock, rheumatism, and to abort cold 

 after exposure. Glowing heat is applied by means of heated 

 metal, and is treated under the section on counter-irri- 

 tation. 



ACTION OF HEAT CONTRASTED WITH THAT OP COLD. 



The action of intense heat or cold on animal tissue is 

 very similar in effect, producing vasomotor paralysis, con- 

 gestion, inflammation, destruction of tissue and death. Even 

 the sensations to which they give rise resemble each other 



