126 VETERINARY STUDIES 



groups is subdivided into various families and species. As a 

 rule they are specific, i.e., a certain species of louse is parasitic 

 only on a certain species of bird or animal. In size, they vary 

 greatly from mere specks to the giant hog louse which may 

 be 1/5 of an inch long. 



Lice infect especially certain portions of the body surface of 

 each animal, e.g., for cattle, the back ; for hogs, back of the ears, 

 for poultry, the fluff and under the wings; for young chickens, 

 the top of the head. 



Reproduction. — Lice reproduce by eggs (nits) glued to hairs 

 or feathers. The eggs are very light in color and oval in shape. 



Treatment. — (1) Bathe the affected parts 

 with corrosive sublimate in vinegar, 15 

 grains to the pint; or (2) tobacco water, 

 prepared by steeping for an hour 2 ounces 

 of tobacco to each quart of water; or (3) 

 Professor Riley's kerosene emulsion made 

 by mixing kerosene 2 gallons, soft soap one 

 half pound, water 1 gallon. Dissolve the 

 soap in water and add kerosene slowly while 

 the water is still boiling. Churn 10 minutes 



Fig. 42.— Cattle ^^^^^ ^^^' ^^^®' dilute by adding 8 times its 

 Louse. Female. bulk of water. This is cheap, harmless, and^ 

 H aematopinus satisfactoiy. 



eurysternus. Yqy cattle, control lice by dipping or 



other thorough treatment in the fall before 

 cold weather. Use any good coal tar dip 2 to 3 per cent and 

 repeat in about 10 days. Any treatment for lice should usually 

 be repeated several times at intervals of 10 to 20 days, depend- 

 ing on season, the shorter interval for warmer weather. It is 

 usually advisable to whitewash stalls and sheds. All harboring 

 litter should be removed and burned. Brushes, combs, etc., 

 must also be treated. Clipping is a great aid in the treatment 

 of external parasitism. In fact, it is difficult to treat sheep 

 successfully for either lice, sheep tick, or scab without shear- 

 ing. 



Water solutions and oils are usually inadvisable in cold 

 weather. For treating cattle, horses, and young stock in cold 

 weather, dust frequently into the hair along neck, back, and 

 rump, either Persian insect powder or powdered sabadilla seed 

 and sulphur equal parts, A little kerosene oil on a brush and 



