292 



VETERINARY STUDIES 



usually held on the ground, clean grass preferred, with the top 

 hind leg held forward ; older calves and bulls may be easily 



Fig. 93, — Eestraint for Castration. (White.) 



operated standing if well confined. Look out for kicks, espe- 

 cially from older bulls. For the standing operation, it is safer 



to confine the hind legs by a figure 8 

 rope tie above the hocks or by ordi- 

 nary hock kicking hobbles, or to 

 throw and tie securely in some eases. 

 Yonng pigs are held by an assist- 

 ant in either of several convenient 

 ways. Heavier shoats are usually 

 castrated on the ground, clean grass, 

 held with the top hind leg forward 

 by an assistant. Or they may be 

 ''hog tied" for the two front and 

 upper hind leg. A heavy boar may 

 be tied short by a loop around the 

 upper jaw and castrated standing. 

 In this case it is advisable to have 

 two assistants hold a pole under the 

 belly, well back, to keep the boar 

 from lying down. The standing 

 operation on boars is inconvenient for some operators. See 

 Figure 93. 



Fig. 94. — General View of 



Scrotum and Sheath. 



(White.) 



A, A, Long incisions par- 

 allel to the median line BC. 



