544 Coco-nuts The Consols of the East 



the tree and the age of the spathe, and 

 that 3 or 4 quarts (2*84 to 379 litres) is the 

 average quantity obtained in twenty-four hours 

 for a fortnight or three weeks. In India 

 35 to 64 imperial gallons are obtained per tree ; 

 other returns give 10*5 galls, or 477 litres a 

 month. In the Philippines, Gibbs says, " the 

 flow (in each case measured from one inflores- 

 cence) from twelve different trees during the 

 night, practically twelve hours, gave an average 

 of 472 cubic centimetres. ... A tree will 

 grow about ten fruit stalks annually, and each 

 one will run sap for about two months. Trees 

 in good condition, grown on good soil, produce 

 about 400 litres of sap annually, and are in 

 their prime when forty years old. Young 

 trees often produce less than 300 litres. Im- 

 proper tapping and other causes can reduce 

 these yields. The average yield of 5,785 trees 

 attached to seven distilleries gave an average 

 daily production of 65 litres." 



Gibbs gives the followinganalysisof the sap: 



(i) An average tree in its prime, in the fresh 



sap of which no chemical change has taken 



place, will probably give about the following 



results. Results stated as grammes per 100 c.c. 



Density ... ... ; .... : ... 1^0700 



Total solids ..V^ ... ... J .V.' ... 17-5 



Acidity ... ... ... ... ... Trace 



Ash ... ... ;!-> f : ... . 0-40 



Sucrose > r ,; 16-5 



Invert sugar Trace 



Undetermined nitrogenous compounds ... 0-60 



