49 



and yet lying green upon the ground, is consumed with the 

 rest. After the name has passed away, nothing should be 

 seen but the smoking black logs of the large trees, which, 

 wherever they cross each other and do not lay upon the 

 ground, require to be cut across and brought down. If the 

 operation has been successfully managed, the land is now in 

 readiness for the next operation Lining, or staking out the 

 positions of the intended plants. This is performed in many 

 ways, but it is essential to have it done well, that the plants 

 should make perfect lines across the ground to be planted, in 

 order to maintain regularity in the plantation work, and give 

 the best possible appearance to the field ; therefore no expense 

 necessary to ensure its correct and workmanlike performance 

 should be grudged. The simplest method is by means of a 

 line, with marks placed at equal distances for. the spaces be- 

 tween the plants up the hill. This carried by men at each 

 end, who respectively measure a distance with a rod for that 

 purpose from the last peg, and holding the line taught from 

 end to end ; boys following with pegs ready cut put them in 

 at the marks on the line. This method is likely to lead to 

 inaccuracy on a large feature, in consequence of the irre- 

 gularity of the ground, and from the small inaccuracies ac- 

 cumulating in the measurement between each laying down of 

 the line. A better way is to lay out a feature in squares of 

 the line, and these into parallels across the feature, and then 

 drop the line between each peg on the parallels, putting in 

 the remaining pegs by the marks on the line. Some planters 

 have an excellent plan of laying down a number of lines up 

 and down the hill at measured distances, and then two men 

 with a shorter line measure distances upwards on the two 

 outside lines, and peg-men put in their sticks at the points 

 where the lines cross each other. We have seen some planta- 

 tions laid out by the use of the theodolite, but this is not an 

 instrument to be found on many estates. The object to be 



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