1 86 COFFEE: ITS CULTIVATION AND PROFIT. 



to thrive, and only West coast cattle or cross- 

 breeds stand the heavy rains; indeed, cattle there 

 did not increase, the births not even keeping up 

 with deaths, and only by frequent purchases could 

 herds be kept up to their full strength. Some 

 estates were trying pigs and various live stock. 

 For manure there is little doubt these animals 

 are almost as good as cattle. 



One authority of weight (Mr. Robertson, Com- 

 missioner, Central Division) says on this subject : 



" As regards cattle and horses, nothing whatever has been 

 done to improve the breed of cattle, and but little to improve 

 the breed of horses by two or three Government stallions being 

 kept in each Collectorate. The fact is, the people have no 

 good bulls, no good rams, no good horse or donkey stallions. 

 Whenever an animal is ready for the male it finds a mate 

 anywhere in the fields perhaps the bull or stallion thus 

 used may be a perfectly useless brute ; the result is that 

 both horses and cattle are everywhere very poor indeed. 

 It would be well if in each taluka of a Collectorate three 

 or four good bulls were kept, a very small fee being charged 

 for their services. I hold that there never can be any real 

 and permanent improvement in cattle or horses till we go 

 to the root of the evil, and take steps to stop the keeping 

 of useless bulls and stallions." 



But Mr. Toynbee takes another view in his 

 Report to the Famine Commissioners (1884), 

 remarking : 



" Ordinary cattle of the country are admirably adapted 

 by nature to its wants, and a sufficient " supply of food is all 

 that is required to enable them to do the work required of 

 them and to prevent their deterioration. If larger cattle 



