CONTENTS xiii 



CHAPTER XVIII 



PHYLUM XII. CYCADOPHYTA: CYCADS 



PAGE 



General Characters. " Seed-ferns." Common Cycads. 

 " Flowering Plant Ancestors." Conifer Ancestors. 

 Maidenhair Trees. Joint-firs 271 



CHAPTER XIX 

 PHYLUM XIII. STROBILOPHYTA : CONIFERS 



General Characters. Taxodiums. Old Pines. Modern Pines, 



Genera of Modern Pines. Cypresses. Junipers. Yews. 277 



CHAPTER XX 

 PHYLUM XIV. ANTHOPHYTA: FLOWERING PLANTS 



General Characters. Typical Flower; Buttercup; Water 

 Plantain; Strawberry. Two Classes. Monocotyledons; 

 Lilies; Calla Lilies; Palms; Grasses; Amaryllises; Orchids. 

 Dicotyledons; Axis Flowers, Magnolia, Mallow, Gera- 

 nium, Violet, Mustard, Pink, Primrose, Phlox, Petunia, 

 Snapdragon, Sage; Cup Flowers, Spiraea, Rose, Apple, 

 Plum, Pea, Currant, Evening Primrose, Prickly Pear, 

 Walnut, Oak, Parsnip, Honeysuckle, Sunflower, Dande- 

 lion. Summary of Anthophyta; Evolution; Progressive 

 Development through the Phyla 284 



CHAPTER XXI 



SOME SPECIAL ADAPTATIONS 



Plant Body; Thorns; Storage Organs; Mesophytes; Xero- 

 phytes; Hydrophytes; Parasites. The Flower; Anemo- 

 philous; Entomophilous; Colors and Odors; Nectar; 

 Actinomorphic; Zygomorphic; Proterogynous ; Proteran- 

 drous; Dimorphic; Parthenogenesis. Seed Distribution. 319 



