xii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER XIII 



PHYLUM VII. CARPOMYCETEAE : HIGHER FUNGI 



PAGE 



General Characters. Reproduction. Three Classes. Ascus 

 Fungi; Disk Lichens; Cup Fungi; Morels; Slit-Fungi; 

 Closed Fungi; Mildews; Yeast-plants; Truffles. Basid- 

 ium Fungi; False Tubers; Puff-balls; Bird-nest Fungi; 

 Stink-horns; Toadstools. Brand Fungi; Rusts, Heter- 

 oecism, Wheat Rust, Sexual Reproduction; Smuts, Corn 

 Smut, Wheat Smut, Bunt. Imperfect Fungi; Spot- 

 Fungi; Black-dot Fungi; Molds 211 



CHAPTER XIV 

 PHYLUM VIII. BRYOPHYTA: MOSSWORTS 



General Characters. Life Cycle. Two Classes. Liverworts; 

 Riccia; Hornworts; Great Liverwort; Scale-Mosses. 

 Mosses; Reproduction; Protonema; Black Mosses; Peat 

 Mosses; True Mosses 242 



CHAPTER XV 

 PHYLUM IX. PTERIDOPHYTA: FERNS 



General Characters. Life Cycle. Two classes. Old-fash- 

 ioned Ferns; Adder Tongues; Marattias; Quillworts. 

 Modern Ferns; Land Ferns; Water Ferns 254 



CHAPTER XVI 

 PHYLUM X. CALAMOPHYTA: CALAMITES 



General Characters. Wedge-leaved Calamites. Horsetails. 

 Old Calamites t 261 



CHAPTER XVII 

 PHYLUM XI. LEPIDOPHYTA: LYCOPODS 



General Characters. Two Classes. Lower Lycopods; Ground 



Pines. Club Mosses; Selaginellas; Lepidodendrids . . . 266 



