GLUCOSIDES AND ALKALOIDS 

 Hesperidin In green oranges. 



Aesculin 



149 



Arbutin 



Ci 2 H 16 O 7 

 Salicin 



Alkaloids. 



Caffeine (Theine) 



Theobromine 

 C 7 H 8 N 4 2 



Piperin 

 Ci 7 Hi 9 NO 3 



Abrotanin 

 C 21 H 22 N20 



Aconitin 



In bark of horse chestnut 



(Aesculus). 



In leaves of bearberry (Arcto- 



staphylos). 



In the willow. 



These are organic compounds, 

 acting as bases in the presence 

 of acids, and usually bitter to 

 the taste. Under this name 

 are grouped a variety of un- 

 related substances although 

 the tendency now is to limit 

 the name to derivatives of the 

 pyridin group which would 

 exclude the first two in the list 

 below of the commoner alka- 

 loids. Many if not most 

 alkaloids are poisonous. They 

 may be in some cases reserve 

 foods but possibly in other 

 cases are waste products or 

 even special defences against 

 herbivorous animals. 

 In leaves of tea, "berries" of 

 coffee and in many other 

 plants (e.g. Cola nut). 

 In seeds of the cacao. 



In pepper (Piper nigrum). 



In wormwood (Artemisia 



abrotanum) . 



In monkshood (Aconitum). 



