300 PHYLUM XIV. ANTHOPHYTA 



emerges the leaves appear, the short stem remaining in the seed 

 for some time before it begins to elongate. 



(c) For the lilies use any true lily (Lilium) or one of the 

 following: Erythronium, Yucca, Allium, or Trillium. By 

 longitudinal and transverse sections of the flowers show the 

 single, superior, tricarpellary pistil, the double, trimerous 

 whorl of stamens, the three petals, and the three sepals. 



(d) In like manner examine the small flowers of any culti- 

 vated "Calla Lily" (or Arisaema, Pothos, or Acorus), and note 

 also the thick axis (spadix) on which the flowers are collected, 

 and the large, subtending bract (spathe). Look for more or 

 less reduction in the structure of the flowers in some of these 

 plants. 



(e) The lily-like staminate flowers of the Coconut (Cocos 

 nudfera) should be studied like those of the true lilies (c) for 

 general plan, and the pistillate flowers for a considerable modi- 

 fication of that plan. Add a study of the mature nut. The 

 perfect flowers of the palmettos (Sabal) are much like the 

 staminate flowers of the coconut, but the fruits may develop 

 one, two or three of their carpels. 



(/) Examine segments of Bamboo stems for woodiness. Dis- 

 sect Bamboo spikelets, noting their general structure; study the 

 flowers with their nearly complete perianth whorls, three or six 

 stamens, and two or three stigmas. 



(g) A further reduction of the flower structure together with 

 a typical, not much reduced, spikelet structure, may be found 

 in the herbaceous grasses Bromus, Poa, Triticum, or Avena. 

 Study the spikelet structure, and then the flowers, in which 

 both perianth whorls are incomplete, one whorl of stamens is 

 lacking, and the pistil has but two stigmas. Examine also the 

 hollow stem (including nodes and internodes) and leaves 

 (including sheaths and blades). 



(h) Examine the solid stem (stalk) of Indian Corn (Zea) 

 in cross and longitudinal sections, and also the leaves and 

 sheaths. Dissect a staminate spikelet (from the "tassel") 

 with its two tristaminate flowers. Dissect out from a young 

 "ear" a pistil with its long style ("silk"), and reduced and 

 distorted scales at its base. 



(i) Examine a plant of Bulrush (Scirpus) and note arrange- 

 ment of leaves on the solid (parenchymatous) stem, and the 

 structure of blade and sheath. Dissect a spikelet (noting its 



