List of Illustrations. xi 



FIG. PAOK 



77. Tent of Cherry and Euonymiis Little Ermine Moth {Hyimnomcuta 



cvonymeUa) . . . . . . . . . .87 



78. Little Apple Ermine (H. mali)ielht). a, cocoons in leaf nest; 



B, adult 88 



79. Ova of Hyponomcuta maluiella (natural size and enlarged) . . 89 



80. Nest of Apple Little Ermine (Hyponovicuta v/aJiiirUa) (half natural 



size) 90 



81. Pith Moth and damaged spur ....... 93 



82. Apple shoot attacked by Pith Moth 94 



83. Pith Moth {Blasfodacna, hellerella) 94 



84. Winter stage of Pith Moth, showing blisters and holes ... 95 



85. The Apple Leaf Miner {Lyonetia clercl-ella). Cocoon and larval 



mine ........... 97 



86. Apple Leaf Miner [Lyourfia clercla'Ua) 98 



87. Nejjticula malella 101 



88. Apple Leaf Miner (Ncpfincla malcUa). Larva, cocoon and mined 



leaf . 102 



89. Ornix 2ietioldla 108 



90. Apple Blossom Weevil {AiitJionomus iKmiomm) .... 105 



91. Apple Blossom Weevil (natural size and magnified) and "capped" 



blossom, showing exit hole ....... 107 



92. 'Ba.vk'B&etle {Scolytns mgulosHs) . ...... HI 



93. Piece of plum stem showing "flight holes" of Bark Beetle 



{S. rugulosus) . . . . . . . . . .112 



94. Work of the Bark Beetle {Scolytiis rngulosus) and beetles (natural 



size) ........... 113 



95. Apple shoot cut by Twig Cutter {lihyncliites cceruleiis). . . 117 



96. The A^lAe Twig Cutter {Bhtjnchites coeruleiis) {x 8) . . .118 



97. Leaf Weevils (Phyllobius). 1, Phyllohius macuJicornis ; 2, P. ob- 



long ns ; 3, P. ^m^formis ( X 8) . . . . • • • 119 



98. Apples eaten out by Apple SawHy ...... 123 



99. Apple showing scar formed by Apple Sawfly on young fruit which 



the maggot failed to enter ....-•■ 124 



100. Saw of a female Sawfly (greatly enlarged) . . . . • 125 



101. The Apple Sawfly (natural size and enlarged) .... 125 



102. Larva of the Apple Emphytus {Emi^liyius sj). !) ; c. larva in situ ; 



h, entrance of tunnel ; a, excrement. . . . • • 127 



103. Apple shoot destroyed by J.^7m^o)»i ....■• 131 



104. Damage to apple shoots by Aphis ....-• 132 



105. Ova of Apple Aphis [Aiiliis jjomi) ...... 133 



106. Apple Aphides 134 



107. Aphis sorhi. Oviparous female. Young stage . . . ■ 134 



108. Young Aphides just hatched feeding on apple bud ... - 185 



109. ''Stem Mother '' oi Ajjhis sorbi. Kalt. (greatly enlarged) . . 136 



110. Aphis sorhi. Larva from viviparous female ..... 137 



111. Ax)his fitchii. Nymph, showing extruding young (greatly enlarged) 138 



112. Aphis fitchii (viviparous female), showing larval Ichneumon within 138 



113. Ovum of ^^/m^^c/m laid in branch crevice (greatly enlarged) . 188 



114. J.^j7iis_/?.^c7m on apple shoot .....■• 139 



115. A parasite of the Apple Aphis ....... 140 



