Insects Injurious to the Apple. 



51 



.■i7.— FEMALES AND MALES OF THE WINTEl 



(Cheimatobia hrumata). 



way to place this enemy under our control. Tlie only unfortunate 

 thing is that the Winter Moth also feeds upon various hedgerow and 

 forest trees, and thus we are always liable to invasion if our planta- 

 tions and gardens are 

 approximated to woods, 

 spinneys, and ill -kept 

 hedgerows. Neverthe- 

 less, owing to the pecu- 

 liar structural characters 

 of tlie female, the damage 

 from tliis source is much 

 lessened. 



LlFE-Hl.STOliV AND 



Habits. 



The male Winter 

 Moth is a fully-winged 

 insect, although its flight 



is not powerful. In size it is about 1^ inch from tip to tip of 

 the expanded wings. There is not much variation in size in the 

 males, but in the female this is the reverse, as is seen in the accom- 

 panying photograph (Fig. 37). 



The colour of the fore wings varies between greyish-lirown and 

 brown ; some few may show an ochreous tinge, marked with several 

 transverse darker wavy lines varying in distinctness in different 

 specimens ; the hind wings are of a paler uniform colour. 



The female is greyish to greyish-brown in colour, and differs 

 totally from the male, having the merest 

 traces of wings, whicli are totally useless as 

 organs of flight; these remnants of wings 

 sometimes show ornamentations, the fore pair 

 having two darker transverse streaks, the liind 

 pair rarely a trace of a single one. 



There is some variation in size of these 

 wing remnants, but none have been seen 

 larger than those represented in the photo- 

 graph. INIiss Ormerod, however, gives a figure 

 of them (2, p. 157) about two-thirds the length 

 of the body, which must be very unusual, 

 judging from the thousands examined. 



The males have been oljserved for many years to appear some 

 days before the females. They mav be seen at dusk, flying lazily 



E 2 



FIG. 3S.— TWO OVA OF T 

 WINTER MOTH. 



(Greatly enlarged.) 



