86 Insect Pests. 



that the wash does not reach, the larval cases also protecting the 

 caterpillars within from the burning action of the wash. 



References. 



(1) Theobald, F. T'. Fu-st Report on Economic Zoology, p. 62 (1903). 



(2) KoUar, 1'. Insects Injurious to Farmers, Gardeners and Foresters, p. 234 



(1840). 



(3) Fletcher, Dr. Report Department of Agriculture of Canada, 1891, p. 195 



(1891). 



(4) Slingcrland, T'. Bulletin 107. Agricultural Exp. Station, Cornell Uni- 



versity Div. Ent. (1896). 



THE LITTLE ERMINE MOTHS. 



{Hyjwno incut Ula\ ) 



Inquiries concerning the Little Ermine jMoths which attack 

 apple trees and hawthorn hedges are some years very numerous. 

 There are three species found on fruit, two only are important, one 

 the Apple Ermine, the other the Hawthorn and Cherry Ermine. 

 The apple species was separated by Zeller and is known as 

 H. malinella, the hawthorn species is //. ■padclla, the name by which 

 our apple species has been previously recorded (2). The presence 

 of the Little Ermine Moth larva:- can readily be detected on account 

 of their web or nest-forming habits. 



The Apple Little Ermine Moth. 



{Hiiponomeuta malinella. Zell.) 



The Small Ermine Moths or Hypono')nc%dida: , of which there are 

 seven species found in Great Britain, are easily known by the leaden- 

 grey or white front wings having small black spots spread over them, 

 and by the habit of their larvae living under a nest of silk. Three 

 species attack fruit, namtdy, H. rnalineUa, Zell., H. evonijinclla, L., 

 Don, and H. ixi.ddla, L. The former is known as a iruit tree 

 pest attacking the apj)le ; it has been recorded, however, as 

 H. padclla, which it closely resembles. H. [nidclla feeds on haw- 

 thorn, and in France on plum and cheriy ; in Italy on plum.. 

 Although this last species is s;iid to be found on apple, the nest made 

 by the larv.ie on hawthorn in this country certainly differs from that 

 made on apple, being ]auch looser. 'J'lie form on the apple was 

 named inalirofclla by Stainton (4), but was apparently sunk as a 



