102 Insect Pests. 



years not until the middle of the month, and these produce the 

 larvpe which make the mines seen in September and October. 



In the autumn of 1906 the second brood of larvte had matured 

 mostly by the second week in October, but a few were found in the 

 leaves as late as the 4th of November. 



They winter in the pupal stage in crevices on the trees, around 

 the buds, etc., and in any convenient shelter. 



It was said by Stainton (1) to be common on the wild apples in 

 the hedgerows. In this way invasion can always come to an orchard. 

 Fortunately, wild apples are scarce. It has also been observed on 



FIG. 88.— APPLE LEAl- >riNKK (Xfjiticiild iiUthUa). 

 A, larva ; B, cocf 0:1 ; »', mined leaf. 



the medlar and quince, but so fur not on hawthorn. A number of 

 the larvpe were found dead in the mines in the autumn. The cause 

 of this could not be traced. 



Treatment. 



As far as can be seen at present the treatment for these Apple 

 Leaf Miners is somewhat difficult, but it is possible that a good 

 dressing of lime wash would so coat the little cocoons that the early 

 brood of moths could not escape from the cocoons. 



In nurseries it is advisable to hand-pick any mined leaves in 

 July, before the escape of the larvte. 



