Insects Injurious to the Apple. 173 



" The wash used at first was very strong, owing to the scale encrust- 

 ing the trees so thickly this was thought necessary. Some seventy 

 trees were scruhbed with the following: 5 lbs. soft soap (Chiswick), 

 1 gallon paraffin (Tea Iiose), 10 gallons water. 



" Half an hour after the trees had been scrubbed, the scales were 

 seen to become dull grey. A few hours later the scales were 

 microscopically examined, and the eggs beneath were found to be 

 shrivelled and dead, and all larvte that had hatched out were at once 

 killed. As some leaves close to the forks were seen to scorch at once, 

 and as the ova remaining were seen to be destroyed, the wash was at 

 once reduced to the following proportions : 5 lbs. soft soap, 1 gallon 

 paraffin, 40 gallons of water. This was used for some 200 trees, and 



FIG. 142.— SPRAYING MACHINE (FOUR OAKS PATKNT). 

 Useful ill small iilantations ami gardens for .\riissel Scale, aphis anil caterpillars. 



was found to have the desired effect in not only killing the larvie and 

 young scale, but the ova beneath the scale. 



" The owner of the orchard, however, doubted about the second 

 formula being strong enough, and scrubbed the remainder of the 

 trees with the strong solution. 



" A few trees were sprayed all over with l)otli the concentrated and 

 dilute emulsions, in neither case was any serious damage done to the 

 foliage ; although a few delicate leaves were seen to be scorched, in 

 July they looked quite healthy and bore good fruit. Needless to say, 

 only a very fine mist was sent over the trees. Probably under other 

 circumstances damage would result, so the spraying treatment cannot 

 be advised during the summer. Strong paraffin emulsion causes 



