Insects, etc., Injuriotis to the Pear. 335 



also in Scotland. Whitehead (3) mentions its ravages in Gloucester- 

 shire, Herefordshire and Yorkshire. Ormerod (4) records attacks 

 in 1883 at Streatham and Sittingbonrne, and again in 1887 in 

 Xorthnmberland, Yorkshire, Glamorganshire and Surrey. 



Reports of its damage have reached me during the last seventeen 

 years from Cambridgeshire and Somersetshire, and from many places 

 in Kent and Surrey. In all cases these have been autumnal attacks. 

 In the Sittingbourne area it seems to be fairly persistent; Mr. Lewis 

 Levy wrote in 1903 that it had been bad at Borden Hall for some 

 years and seemed to persist. It has been recorded in America as 

 Selandra cerasi. Peck (5) wrote regarding this slugworm in 1790. 

 In Europe it has been well known for over 150 years, Eeaumur 

 describing it as la TenthrMe Lvmace. Both John Curtis (6) and 

 Westwood, (7) in 1848, wrote upon the " slugworm," but since then 

 little of value has been added to our knowledge of it except by 

 Cameron (1). 



It is also found in New Zealand and at the Cape. 



The trees attacked by it are mainly cherry and pear ; the morello 

 is very badly attacked, but we have seen all varieties infested with 

 it. Ormerod (8) mentions it attacking the leaves of quince at 

 Bridgend in Glamorganshire. 



In America Saunders (2) refers to it on the leaves of pear, cherry, 

 quince and plum. If it is the same as the 8. cerasi of Peck, then 

 it also feeds on the mountain ash, according to Lintner (9). In 

 America it is also recorded on Crataegus (10). It has been found in 

 England on Betula, Qucrcus, Amygclalus, and Fcvlms (11), as well as 

 on pear and cherry. 



The damage done by the " slngworms," or, as they are called in 

 Gloucestershire, " snegs," a name also given to slugs in Kent, is very 

 marked. The larva? feed on the upper surface of the foliage and leave 

 the under skin intact, the leaves thus become blotched and spotted 

 in an irregular manner. If many are present the foliage withers, 

 turns brown and falls. The result may be that the trees throw out 

 new leaves and this so weakens the tree that the crop is ruined often 

 for two years. As a rule only one or two of these shiny slug-like 

 larvte feed on one leaf, but more may occur and then the damage 

 becomes very marked. 



Life-History, Etc. 



The adult sawfly is black and very shiny except the anterior 

 tibiffi, which are testaceous, the middle ones almost fuscous. The 

 wings are hyaline, with a more or less broad smoky band in the 

 middle. Length from nearly \ to about -t inch. 



