396 Insect Pests. 



When mature the parasite issues from the middle segments, 

 always dorsally, and falls to the ground and becomes a naked pupa 

 on the surface. 



Atelcnura qmria is known usually as Clialarus f^purius {Chalarus, 

 Walker, 1834, Atelenura, Macquart, 1835). 



It is also found in America (New Jersey and New Hampshire) 

 {vide Cat. N. Ameri. Dip., p. 342. J. W. Aldrich, 1905) (1). 



Boheenaus also has found Pipuncula fuscipes, Fall., infesting 

 Oicadula viresccns, Eall. It is thus probable that Fijmnculidce 

 generally are parasitic on the homopterous Cicadulidw, and the 

 I'roctotrupians of the family Dryinido: and Aphelobidcv are parasitic 

 on Jassidcc and Typklocyhidcc respectively.* 



PUEVENTIOX AXD TREATMENT. 



The nymphs of these leaf hoppers may be destroyed by washing 

 with dilute paraffin emulsion, particularly when young. 



Of the various strengths experimented with, the following formula 

 was the lowest found successful, and thus adopted : — 



Paraffin (White Rose) . . .3 galls. 

 Soft Soap (Cliiswick) . . .10 lbs. 

 Water 100 galls. 



This, if sprayed with a fine nozzle, was found to have no effect, 

 nor were any of the other formuhe used until such a quantity of 

 paraffin was employed as to do more harm than the hoppers. 



The success in destroying the nymphs lies in giving the trees a 

 good soaking. In America (15) they have found that 1 lb. of whale 

 oil soap to 10 gallons of water enough to kill the nymphs of the 

 allied TijpMoculja comes. With soft soap this was not sufficient. 



In all cases two washings were found necessary, partly on account 

 of fresh hatchings. The second should be done two weeks after the 

 first. 



The adult lioppers can also be destroyed by spraying ; they 

 must first be knocked off the trees by a plain, not strong, soft soap 

 wash, when they will be found, as Mr. Chambers describes, lying as 

 if dead on the ground ; they can then be further sprayed on the 

 ground with strong paraffin emulsion (25 per cent, paraffin). This 

 method, which is employed in America, was found to be completely 

 successful here. 



* Perris found DrijiiiHs jJcdesfris, Dalm., on Afliysaiuts viaiitinuis, Perris ; 

 Mik found Gonatojnis jiilosus, Thonis, on Ddtoccpliahis xanilmncurus, 

 Fabricius. 



