Ajjpendix. 515 



Fruit trees should not be sprayed with these arsenical washes when 

 in flower, as the bees are so readily poisoned, and they should not be 

 sprayed for at least four weeks before the fruit is gathered. This is a 

 point we must remember when gooseberries and currants are growing 

 beneath apple and plum. 



These arsenical washes should be put ou in as flne a spray as 

 possible. 



Animals may be kept in the grass orchaixls when the trees are sprayed, 

 as long as they cannot get at the actual wash. 



All receptacles in which tlie arsenical wash has been mixed should be 

 cleaned and kept away from stock. 



We must remember that these washes, especially when concentrated, 

 are deadly poisons. 



Arsenate of lead is generally used in conjunction with Bordeaux 

 mixture, and it also emulsifies paraflin, so that we can combine a 

 funsrit'ide and an insecticide for mandibulate and haustellate insects 



PAEAFFIN EMULSIONS OR CONTACT WASHES FOR 

 HAUSTELLATE INSECTS. 



PARAFFIN EMULSIONS. 



Ft>r winter application these washes may be used \ ery strong, l)ut for 

 summer use they must be much dduted. 



Except in bad attacks of scale insects they cannot be recommended for 

 summer use, nor paraflin in any form. 



In spring it may be used for red spider on gooseberries in the form 

 given under Paraflin Jelly, but it is best to apply it before the leaves are 

 showing, as even the flnest oils do harm to vegetation. 



Through the work of Mr. Spencer Pickering we now know more of 

 these matters, and growers will dt) well to use the oil recommended by 

 him, known as Solar Distillate. 



The usual form of paraflin emulsion is soap emulsion, but ]Mr. Pickering 

 has recently shown that metal emulsions are superior as emulsions. Pro- 

 bably for scale insects the metal emulsions will soon supersede the soap 

 emulsions, but for aphides they are not likely to do so, as the soap is an 

 active killing agent, holding on to the mealy skin and is alone sufficient to 

 destroy them. 



A. Soap Emulsions. 



The Riley-Hubbard fonnula is also gi\en here, but the emulsions I have 

 used have been the following : — 



2 L 2 



