THE BREEDING BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA 



The following paper has as an object the collect- 

 ing and correlating of all the material available on the 

 nesting birds of Pennsylvania. There is not a single work 

 devoted exclusively to this subject, and the breeding areas 

 of many of the species have never before been traced out. 

 Mr. Stone's admirable work on "The Birds of Eastern Penn- 

 sylvania and New Jersey" treats of the breeding birds in 

 general statements, but since it was published nearly twenty 

 ytars ago much additional data has accumulated. Dr. Warren, 

 in his "Birds of Pennsylvania", has many notes of value, but 

 his work is older than Mr. Stone's and much of his material 

 is misleading. It has been the aim of this work to portray 

 conditions as they exist at the present time in the state of 

 Pennsylvania. 



This state contains approximately an area of 

 28,808,443 acres. No state in the Union presents a greater 

 variety of surface than Pennsylvania. The mountains seldom 

 rise above 2000 feet and spread over one-fourth of the state 

 in parallel ridges running generally northeast and southwest, 

 Beginning with South Mountain below Easton, we find the 

 entire belt spread out to a width of two hundred miles, the 

 greatest breadth the Alleghany range attains between Maine 

 and Alabama. In the southern part of the state, the 



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