SEX-CHROMOSOMES AND INHERITANCE 195 



If a Japanese female is crossed to a European male, 

 the i^i female and male may be represented in the fol- 

 lowing formula: 



Fi 9 FF Mm Fi d* FF MM 



100, 60 100, 80, 60 



Both '' normal' ' female and male offspring are expected 

 in equal numbers. The reciprocal cross gives a different 

 result, vi^.: 



Fi d^ FF MM Fi d* FF MM 



80 -(80-^60) 80, 80, 60 



The 2^1 female is FF-M = 0; and is therefore repre- 

 sented as intersexual. It will be observed that the so- 

 called ^* female factors" in these formulae are supposed 

 to be inherited entirely through the mother. 



By assigning different values to FF and M in the dif- 

 ferent races it is possible to express the results in such 

 a way that the sexes obtained by various crosses have 

 different minimal values — those less or more than any 

 assigned value for a given sex are interpreted as inter- 

 sexes. In the example cited, an exact balance (^0) 

 between the conflicting factors produces an individual that 

 is represented as neither male nor female. It is not 

 obvious, however, why it should be made up of parts each 

 of which is strictly comparable to the same part in a male 

 or a female. 



While the assignment of arbitrary values to sex fac- 

 tors is a legitimate procedure, it is not a quantitative 

 analysis in the ordinary sense, since the quantities 

 are not referred to some external measure, but are 

 purely arbitrary. 



How far an erratic elimination of sex-chromosomes 

 in later stages of cell-division might account for the result 

 cannot be stated, since there are at present no facts to 

 go upon — the chromosome count in somatic cells of the 

 hybrid has not yet been reported, but Goldschmidt thinks 



