chap, ii.] from Cesalpino to Linnaeus. 67 



' Geschichte,' ii. p. 30, also suspects with reason that Jung's 

 manuscript, which was communicated by Hartlieb to Ray in 

 166 1, was not unknown to Morison, and in this paper he 

 might certainly have found much that suited his purposes. 

 Sprengel says well, that the ' Hallucinationes ' are a well- 

 grounded criticism of the arrangement of plants, which the 

 Bauhins had chosen ; that the writer goes through the ' Pinax ' 

 page by page, and shows what plants occupy a false position, 

 and that it is certain that Morison laid the first foundation of a 

 better arrangement and a more correct discrimination of genera 

 and species. 



His 'Plantarum umbelliferarum distributio nova,' Oxford, 

 1672, shows considerable advance; it is the first monograph 

 which was intended to carry out systematic principles strictly 

 within the limits of a single large family. The very complex 

 arrangement is founded exclusively on the external form of the 

 fruit, which he naturally terms the seed. It is the first work in 

 which the system is no longer veiled by the old arrangement in 

 books and chapters, perspicuity being provided for by typo- 

 graphical management, — an improvement which de l'Obel, it is 

 true, made a feeble attempt to introduce a hundred years 

 before. Morison also endeavours to give a clear idea of the 

 systematic relations within the family by the aid of linear 

 arrangement, to some extent the first hint of what we now call 

 a genealogical tree, and a proof at any rate of the lively concep- 

 tion which he had formed of affinity, not drawn indeed only ' ex 1 

 libro naturae,' as the title of his book states, but in principle 

 from Bauhin. Morison's inability to appreciate the merits 

 of his predecessors, and to believe that when he made a step 

 in advance the way had ever been trodden before, may be seen 

 in this work also. One of its merits is, that it contains for the 

 first time careful representations of separate parts of plants, 

 executed in copper plate 1 . In 1680 appeared the first volumes 



1 The wood-engraving of the 16th century had fallen into decay, and 



F 2 



