Vlll CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 

 BURROWING INVERTEBRATES. 



CRUSTACEA. 



The Land Crabs and their Habits. — The Violet Land Crab. — Its Burrows, its 

 Combativeness, and its pedestrian Powers. — The Fighting Crab, why so called. 

 — The Racer Crab of Ceylon. — Its Burrows, and Mode of carrying off the Soil. 

 — The Robber Crab. — Its Form and general Habits. — Food of the Robber Crab. 

 — A soft Bed and well-stocked Larder. — The Cheldra, and its Ravages among 

 Timber. — The Gribble and its Kin Page 104 



CHAPTER V. 

 BURROWING MOLLUSKS. 

 The Boring Snail of the Bois des Roches. — Opinions as to its Method of Burrow- 

 ing. — Shape of the Tunnels. — Solitary Habits of the Snail. — The Piddock, its 

 Habits and Appearance. — Structure of the Shell, and its probable Use. — Method 

 of Burrowing. — Use of the Piddock and other marine Burrowers. — The Balance of 

 Nature preserved. — The Wood-borer and its Habits. — The Date Shell. — Its 

 extraordinary Powers of Tunneling. — The Razor Shell. — Its Localities and 

 Mode of Life. — The Flask Shell and the Watering-pot Shell. — The Ship- 

 worm. — Its Appearance when Young and Adult. — Its curious Development. — 

 Its Ravages, and the best Method of checking them. — Its Value to Engineers. 

 — The Giant Teredo. — Form, Dimensions, and Structure of the Shell. — How 

 and where discovered 11-t 



CHAPTER VI. 



BURROWING SPIDERS. 

 The Scorpion and its Habits. — The Burrow of the Scorpion. — How detected. — 

 Suicide among the Scorpions. — Spiders and their Burrows. — The Atypus. — Ma- 

 dame Merian and her Book of the Bird Spider. — Mr. Bates's Discoveries. — Hair 

 of the Bird Spider. — The Tarantula. — Its Ferocity and Courage. — The Trap- 

 door Spider. — Its Tunnel and the Lining thereof. — Its Appearance under the 

 Microscope. — The " Trap-door" itself, and its Structure. — Curious Example of 

 Instinct. — Activity of the Spider. — Specimen in the British Museum. — Strength 

 and Obstinacy of the Trap-door Spider.— An Australian Trap-door Spider... 128 



CHAPTER VII. 



BURROWING INSECTS. 



HTMENOPTERA. 



The Sauea Ant and its Habitation. — Use of the "Parasol" Leaves. — Mr. Bates's 

 Account of the Insect.— Enormous Extent of the Dwelling. — The Duskt Ant.— 

 Its Strength and Perseverance. — Man and Insect contrasted. — The Brown Ant. 



Form of its Habitation. — Regulation of Temperature. — Necessity of Moisture. 



—How the Ant constructs Ceilings.— Mining Bees.— The Andrena and its bur- 

 rowing Powers. — The Eucera. — Its Habitation and curious Method of liberating 

 the Antennre. — The Scolia, its Burrows and its Prey.— The Indian Sphex and 

 its Ingenuity. — The Mellinus and Oxtbelus.— Curious Method of catching 

 p r ey. The Philanthus, its Burrow, and the Food of its Young. — The Humble- 

 bee— its general Habits. — Locality of its Dwelling.— Development of the Young. 

 —The Lapidary Bee, its Colors, Disposition, and Habits. — The Wasp— its Food 

 and Habitation. — Materials and Architecture of the Nest. — Disposition, Form, 



