CUSPIDATES. 



223 



rations of the skin-folds, both above and 

 )W the spiracles ; the fifth segment is 

 tirely without the median white mark, its 

 site being occupied by the chestnut-brown 

 hump, and on each side of this is a somewhat 

 square spot of snowy whiteness, and entirely 

 surrounded with intense velvety black: on each 

 side of each of the square white dorsal markings 

 is also a squarish spot of intense velvety black ; 

 the back of the second, third, and thirteenth seg- 

 ments has a transverse series of small chest- 

 nut-coloured prominences, emitting chestnut- 

 coloured hairs ; the belly is pale smoky-gray ; 

 the legs black ; the clappers are smoky flesh- 

 coloured. This beautiful caterpillar was first 

 found by my friend, Mr. Sidney Cooper, at 

 Folkestone, feeding, as he believes, on sallow 

 (Salt.? capraa) ; afterwards by Dr. Knaggs, 

 feeding on poplar (Populus nigra ?). The 

 caterpillars spun up between leaves about 

 the middle of July, and therein changed to 



JTSALID9. 



The MOTH, like the preceding, is rarely 

 found in the perfect state. There is, or was, a 

 specimen in the British Museum, and it is 

 described both by Haworth and Stephens as a 

 British insect ; it has been bred so abundantly 

 from the caterpillars found at Folkestone, that 

 it now abounds in all our cabinets. (The 



entific name is Clostera anachoreta.') 



95. The Small Chocolate-tip (Clout era rcclusa). 



i95. TUK SMALL CHOCOLATE-TIP. The an- 

 moc are decidedly pectinated in the male, 

 but almost simple in the female ; the fore 

 wings have the costal margin straight, the tip 

 almost square ; their colour is purple-gray at 





the base, brown-gray and darker towards the 

 hind margin ; each wing is traversed by four 

 pale transverse lines ; the first and second of 

 these are united just before they reach the 

 costa, and again just before they reach the 

 inner margin ; the third is bent before reaching 

 the costal margin, and then turns downwards 

 and outwards, meeting and uniting with the 

 fourth ; it also again unites with the fourth 

 near the inner margin ; the fourth is nearly 

 direct ; it commences on the costa in a con- 

 spicuous crescentic white spot ; the hind wings 

 are dark brown-gray : the head is gray, with 

 an umber-brown crown j the thorax is gray, 

 with an umber-brown median longitudinal 

 stripe, which divides at the lower end, the 

 branches extending to each side at the 

 junction of thorax and body, which latter is 

 gray, and has a slight tuft at the extremity. 



The head of the CATERPILLAR is black ; the 

 body has a very broad median gray stripe 

 down the back, in which stripe is a central 

 tubercular velvety spot on the fifth, and 

 another on the twelfth segment ; this stripe 

 also contains yellow transverse markings, 

 which are very distinct on the third, fourth, 

 and sixth segments : on each side of the gray 

 median stripe is a broad, lateral, smoke- 

 coloured stripe ; the belly, legs, and claspers 

 are also smoke-coloured, and between the 

 smoke-colour of the lateral stripe and that of 

 the belly is a narrower stripe, composed of 

 black and yellow spots and dots, and including 

 the spiracles : the entire body of the cater- 

 pillar is slightly hairy. It feeds exclusively 

 on dwarf sallows (Salix capraa and S. cinerea}. 

 and is double-brooded ; the first brood is full- 

 fed about the 5th of July, the second at the 

 end of September ; then spinning a web 

 amongst the leaves of 'its food-plant, and 

 turning to a chrysalis in the retreat thus fabri- 

 cated, it remains in that state throughout the 

 winter. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in May and 

 August. I have received it from Brighton, 

 Saffron Walden, Ipswich, and Cockermouth, 

 and I believe it is widely and generally 

 distributed both in England and Ireland. 

 (The scientific name is Clostera rec/usa.) 



