NOCTUAS. 



415 



the sallow (Salix caprea), and will eat let- 

 tuce freely in confinement. At the beginning 

 of August my specimens, for which I am in- 

 debted to Mr. "VV. Johnson, of Liverpool, 

 changed to CHRYSALIDS on the surface of the 

 earth : these were dark brown and shining, 

 and had two very distinct incurved spines 

 seated on the broad wrinkled tip of the body ; 

 each segment of the body had also a ring of 

 short spines, like those of the goat-moth 

 chrysalis. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in June, 

 and seems to be a northern species ; it is, how- 

 ever, said to have occurred in Worcestershire, 

 Shropshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, the Lake 

 District, and Yorkshire ; it is reported to be 

 common also in Scotland. (The scientific 

 name is Hadena Glauca.) 



647. The Shears (Hadena dcntina'). 



647. THE SHEARS. The palpi are very in- 

 conspicuous, scarcely porrected, and almost 

 connivent ; the antennae are simple : the fore 

 wings are gray with the slightest possible 

 tinge of wainscot-brown ; they have a darker 

 median band, broad on the costa, and narrow 

 on the inner margin : this band contains both 

 the discoidal spots ; these are clearly defined, 

 pale gray with a darker median cloud; the 

 wing-rays passing through this band are also 

 pale gray: the hind margin is chiefly occupied 

 by a darker band-like shade, which is inter- 

 sected throughout by a pale zigzag line : the 

 hind wings are gray-brown with slightly 

 darker rays, and a pale fringe : the head, 

 thorax, and body are dark gray, variegated 

 with paler gray ; the body is crested, the tips 

 of the crests being darker. 



The head of the CATERPILLAR is narrower 

 than the second segment, into which it is 

 partially received ; the body is almost uni- 

 formly cylindrical and smooth, but emitting a 



few scattered hairs from each segment ; it is 

 of a dull opaque ground-colour, and has a 

 medio-dorsal series of lozenge-shaped markings 

 placed end to end, and forming a continuous 

 chain ; this chain has a white border on each 

 side following the outline of the lozenge; each 

 side of the caterpillar has three parallel stripes 

 in the region of the spiracles, the middle one 

 darker than the others ; the legs and claspers 

 are concolorous with the body. It feeds on the 

 roots of dandelion, and when full-fed changes 

 to an opaque dark brown CHRYSALIS, emitting 

 singular spines from the body, the posterior 

 of which, those on the twelfth segment, are 

 the largest and most conspicuous. 



The MOTH appears on the wing in June and 

 July, and is 'of general occurrence throughout 

 England and Scotland. Mr. Birchall says it 

 is widely distributed, and often very common 

 in Ireland. (The scientific name is Hadena 

 dentina.) 



648. The Stranger (Hadena peregrind). 



648. THE STRANGER. The palpi are por- 

 rected and connivent, the terminal joint conical 

 and nearly naked; the antennje are simple, the 

 fore wings are nearly straight on the costa, 

 blunt at the tip and slightly scalloped on the 

 hind margin ; their colour is gray, tinged with 

 pale wainscot-brown, and having certain in- 

 distinct and confused markings, both paler 

 and darker than the ground colour ; the 

 orbicular spot is large, oblong, oblique and 

 pale ; the reniform very indistinct, but having 

 a darker central area ; parallel with the hind 

 nun-gin is a pale zigzag line, which projects 

 two sharp teeth to the extreme margin, rather 

 below its middle : the hind wings are very 

 pale, almost white, with darker wing-rays, 

 but the darker portion of the wing-rays neither 

 reaches the base nor the margin, which is 

 slightly scalloped and accompanied by a 

 slender brown line ; the head and thorax are 



