KETTLENESS. 9? 



highest point between Upgang and Whitby, is about as high as the 

 abbey, but generally the altitude is less than one hundred feet. 



At Sandsend> the upper lias shale appears again in full character, 

 about one hundred and fifty feet thick, under a covering of sandstone 

 and shale beds, in the following order : 



feet thick. 

 Irony sandstone rock ... ... 30 



Shale - - 20 



Dogger beds, consisting of irony sandstone in blocks ... 2 



Parting of balls, or modules of ironstone ... ... 2 



Rounded irony blocks ... ... 2 



Where a small valley divides the cliff beyond the Lyth alum works, 

 we observe rising from the water a portion of the shale, apparently more 

 compact than the rest, and bearing much better the action of the sea. 

 It is consequently much scooped into caves and fantastic shapes, which 

 are never seen in the softer shale above and below. On the cliff top, 

 the sandstone cap ranges uninterruptedly to Kettleness alum works ; 

 and in the highest point is not less than three hundred and seventy-one 

 feet above high-water. Here the sandstone, shale, and dogger, above 

 the lias, are together one hundred feet thick. 



At Kettleness, from the sandstone rock just above the alum works 

 to the lias scars beneath, we have the following section : 



Carboniferoiis 



series. 



feet. 



Cap sandstone nearly 50 



Sandstone traversed by ochry veins 



Shale 



Irony stone, in nodular masses and beds 



Upper lias shale or mine ... ... ... .. 150 



Hard shale, with layers of calcareous nodules ... 30 

 Soft alum shale ... ... ... ... ... 20 



Alternations of ironstone beds and alum shale, form- 

 ing projecting scars 20 



o 



