KIRKDALE CAVE. 177 



the fossil shells of that stratum may be found in its bouldered fragments 

 between Scarborough and Hornsea. Few of the numerous fossils of the 

 oolitic formations occur in the diluvium, and no belemnites nor inocerami 

 of the chalk have been carried by the deluge to the northward, though 

 they are often found in the cliffs of Holderness. 



The organic remains of the second group, viz. of animals which 

 lived on the earth immediately before the flood, are neither so numerous 

 nor so various as the preceding. Those found in the gravel and clay of 

 Yorkshire, consist of the tusks and molar teeth of elephant, and teeth 

 and bones of horse, ox, and deer. But the osseous remains of many 

 other animals were found in the celebrated cave of Kirkdale, near Kirkby- 

 moorside, so well preserved as to allow of their species being perfectly 

 determined. The interesting phenomena of this cavern have been so ably 

 unfolded by Dr. Buckland in his ' Reliquiae Diluviana?,' that I deter- 

 mined from the first to refer to that admirable work for descriptions 

 and figures, which could not be introduced into mine without greatly 

 enhancing the price. I was, therefore, unable to avail myself of the 

 generous offer of Mr.. Salmond to supply me with original information 

 from his own valuable and instructive description of the cave which 

 he explored with so much zeal and success. 



The teeth and bones discovered in this cave belong to the following 

 species of animals ; 



7. Carnivora; hyaena, tiger, bear, wolf, fox, weasel, and, according to Mr. Salmond, 

 lion. 



4. Pachydermata ; elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and horse. 



4. Ruminantia ; ox, and three species of deer. 



4. Rodentia ; hare, rabbit, water-rat, and mouse. 



5. Birds ; raven, pigeon, lark, duck, and partridge. 



The floor of the cave was covered with sandy mud ; on this lay an 

 irregular deposit of stalagmite, produced by droppings from the roof 

 which was studded with pendent stalactite, and by currents down the 

 sides of the cavity, which were also partially lined with the same cal- 



A a 



