CLASS MAMMALIA. 



ORDER-QUADRUMANA. 



morose, and when confined are rarely if ever tamed. They are often 

 hunted for their "fur, which is used for horse equipage and military 

 ornament. 



The species S. Nasica, or Proboscis Monkey (Plate 1), measures from 

 the tip of the nose to the root of the tail twenty-three and a half inches, 

 the tail is two feet and two inches, the fore limbs twenty, and the hind 

 twenty-two inches. This species is remarkably characterised by the 

 great size of its nose, which is four inches in length, and has the nostrils 

 opening on the under surface of its tip. Geofiroy has placed it, on account 

 of this peculiarity, in a distinct genus, which he calls Nasatis ; but Cuvier 

 still retains it among the Semnopitheci. Wurmb, who first noticed this 

 species, says that they live in large troops among the forests of Borneo, 

 that they assemble morning and evening by the side of streams, and dart 

 with great agility from tree to tree at a distance of fifteen or twenty feet. 

 Their cry is very deep and distinct, and resembles the word Kahau, hence 

 they are called by the colonists Kabau, but the native name is Bcmtanjan. 



Besides the above species there are also the following : The Cochin- 

 china Monkey (S. Nemseus), called by the natives Duk, a rare animal ; the 

 Simpai (S. Malalophos), found in the woods of Sumatra ; the Lutung Mera 

 (S. Pyrrhus), an inhabitant of Java, and a special favourite with the 

 natives, who take great care of it, when caught, on account of its beauty ; 

 the Clungkau (S. Cristatus), of Bencoolen, an almost untamable animal, 

 met with in Sumatra and the Malay Islands, called by the natives Era, 

 from its cry. 



CYNOCEPHALUS the Baboons. The general habits of these animals 

 correspond with those of other Simiaida, and they are mostly natives of 

 Asia and Africa. The genera includes Baboons with short tails, Baboons 

 with long tails, and True Baboons. 



1. Those with long tails include the following species: Lion-tailed 

 Baboon (Papio Silenus) ; the Chinese Monkey (Papio Sinicus), a native of 

 Ceylon; the Bonnet Monkey (Papio Radiatus), an inhabitant of the 

 Malabar Coast; the Hare-lipped Monkey (Papio Cynomolgus), found in 

 Guinea, Angola, and Java ; and the Black faced Macaque (Papio Carbo- 

 narius). 



The Lion-tailed Baboon is in length about eighteen inches from the nose 

 to the tail, which is about half as long as the body ; general colour deep 

 black, excepting the beard, which passing from each side of the face de- 

 scends upon the chest, and varies from ash-colour to pure white ; the naked 

 face is flesh-coloured, except the muzzle, which is black ; the callosities on 

 the ramp are also flesh-coloured. Fischer mentions three varieties ; the 

 first black with a white beard, the second white with a black beard, and 

 the third entirely white. The editor of " The Gardens and Menagerie of 

 the Zoological Society Illustrated" has given the following amusing notice 

 of this species from the writings of Father Vincent Maria, the Procurator- 

 General of the Bare-footed Carmelites. " There are four sorts of Monkeys 

 found on the coast of Malabar. The first (the Wanderow) is perfectly 

 black, covered with glossy hair, with a white beard surrounding his chin, 

 and extending a span or more in length. To this Monkey all the rest pay 

 such profound respect, that they submit and humiliate themselves in his 

 presence, as though they were capable of appreciating his superiority and 

 pre-eminence. The princes and great lords hold him in much estimation, 

 because he is endowed above every other with gravity, capacity, and the 

 appearance of wisdom. He is easily trained to the performance of a variety 

 of ceremonies, grimaces, and affected courtesies, all which he accomplishes 

 in so serious a manner, and to such perfection, that it is a most wonderful 

 thing to see them acted with so much exactness by an irrational animal." 

 Knox, also, in his account of Ceylon, speaks of these Monkeys as being as 

 large as " Our English Spaniel Dogs, of a darkish-grey colour and black 

 faces, with great white beards round from ear to ear, which make them 

 show just like old men." They are found on the Malabar coast and in 

 Ceylon. 



2. We shall next notice a few of the species of Baboons with short tails. 

 The Wrinkled Baboon (Papio Rhesus) measures about fifteen inches in 



length from the nose to the tail, which is nearly six inches in length ; the 



male is distinguished from the female by its cuspid teeth being more 

 powerful, by its larger size, and by the greater thickness of its whiskers. 

 The fur of this species is of a soft, silky texture, and is mostly hoarv. It 

 is found in India, especially in the woods on the banks of the Ganges ; 

 when taken young it is docile and tractable, but as it grows old becomes 

 very spiteful. 



The Pig-tailed and Brown Baboon (Papio Nemestrinus), a native of 

 Sumatra, is more than two feet long from the nose to the root of the tail, 

 which is four inches in length, and more slender than in the last species. 



The Wood Baboon (Papio Maurus) is nearly two feet in length ; general 

 colour deep brown ; the ears, face, and limbs black ; the tail very short, 

 being little more than a rudiment. From the East Indies. 



The back of the Red-faced Baboon (Papio Speciosus) is of a vinous-grey ; 

 chest, belly, hinder and inner parts of the legs, and edges of the buttocks 

 greyish-white ; tail very short, and almost hidden in the fur ; face red, with 

 a purplish tinge, and encircled with black hair. From the East Indies. 



The remarkable diminution in the length of the tail noticed in the last 

 two species leads to others in which there is merely a tubercle instead of a 

 tail ; and from this circumstance Cuvier and others have formed them into 

 a distinct genus (!NUUS); but this seems hardly warrantable, as they 

 otherwise closely resemble this subdivision of the PAPIONES. Two we 

 shall mention: The Barbary Ape (Papio Inuus), which, when young, is 

 good-tempered, lively, and intelligent, and hence is frequently taught to 

 play tricks; but as it gets old it becomes ill-tempered, fierce, and mis- 

 chievous. It inhabits Egypt and Barbary, and has become located on the 

 rock of Gibraltar, where it is said to be very common. It walks con- 

 stantly on all-fours, but unsteadily, as, like all other Quadrumanous animals, 

 it is especially constructed for climbing, which feat it performs with great 

 facility. They live in large troops among the trees of the forest, and 

 boldly attack those enemies wliich they think themselves able to encounter, 

 and put them to flight by their numbers and incessant cries. When 

 enraged, it chatters with great rapidity, uttering a loud, rough voice, very 

 different from its mild tone when good-humoured. Its offensive weapons 

 are its large cuspid teeth and long broad nails, which, though flat, inflict 

 severe wounds. Its natural disposition to live in company induces it, 

 when in confinement, to adopt any small animal which may be introduced 

 to it ; this it carries about at all times, holding it tightly in its arms, and 

 fiercely resenting any attempt to withdraw it from its protection : it derives 

 much amusement from carefully looking over its hair and removing the 

 least dirt, which it immediately puts into its mouth. 



The Black Ape (Papio ./Ethiops) is from fifteen to sixteen inches in 

 length ; is entirely black ; the hair woolly, except at the top of the head. 

 From the Philippines. 



3. The True Baboons : muzzle very long, and truncated at its tip, in 

 which the nostrils are placed, giving the form and appearance of a dog's 

 nose, and hence they have been called CYNOCEPHALI ; their tail varies in 

 length in the several species. They are subdivided into the Common 

 Baboon (Papio Sphinx), a native of the Guinea coast ; the Lesser Baboon 

 (Papio Cynocephalus), a native of Northern Africa ; the Anuliis Baboon 

 (Papio Anubis), from Africa; the Porcine Baboon (Papio Porcarius), 

 native of Africa ; the Hog-faced Baboon (Papio Comatus), called ClMerna 

 by the colonists of the Cape of Good Hope ; and the Dog-faced Baboon 

 (Papio Hamadryas). This animal is one of the most savage of the gi'iius, 

 and in confinement is managed only by severity. It inhabits the hottest 

 parts of Asia and Africa, lives among the woods in large troops, and is 

 very dangerous from its fierceness. 



Though the several species of the True Baboons partake of the same 

 nasal peculiarity, there are two species distinguished from all the othi-rs by 

 the very great length of their muzzle. They are the Great Baboon 

 (P. Mormon), of which we have a representation in Plate 1, and the Grey 

 Baboon (P. Leucophaeus). It has been proved by F. Cuvier that the 

 former species (P. Mormon) include two which were long considered as 

 distinct, but are now shown to be merely the same at dilllTiMit ages. 

 Before the development of the cuspid teeth, the head of the Mandrill is 



