FAMILY S I M I A I D A. THE MONKEY TRIBE. 



5 



wide and short, and the body thick-set ; the face is black, and the ribs 

 upon the face wrinkled and blue ; the rump has no other than the general 

 colour of the body, and the scrotum is tan-coloured ; it is then the Simia 

 Maimoii of Linnaeus ; the Ribbed-nosed Baboon of Pennant. But as the 

 cuspid teeth begin to project, the form of the body and limbs becomes 

 more slender, and the muzzle begins to lengthen, its tip reddens, the thighs 

 exhibit their beautiful colours, and the scrotum becomes red. In the 

 course of two or three years the cuspid teeth have attained considerable 

 size ; the muscles of the limbs have increased very much in bulk, as also 

 has the body, the hinder parts of which, and also the muzzle, are particu- 

 larly developed ; so that, instead of the slight make which the animal had 

 previously exhibited, it now presents a heavy, unwieldy form, similar to 

 that of the Bear. During this time the colouring of the thighs becomes 

 more brilliant, the rump and neighbouring parts assume a brighter red, 

 and the nose reddens throughout nearly its whole length. It is now the 

 Simia Mormon of Gmelin, the Great Baboon of Pennant. Having attained 

 its full growth, the Mandrill, when erect, is five feet in height, and measures 

 two feet from the tip of the nose to the rump. These animals are natives 

 of Africa, especially of the countries in the neighbourhood of the Gulf of 

 Guinea. Adult specimens are not very frequently brought to Europe. 

 Two, however, have been exhibited in this country within the last few 

 years, one of which was in the Surrey Zoological Gardens, and had been 

 taught various tricks; it was a ferocious and disgusting-looking animal, 

 and was constantly moving about on all-fours. 



CEBUS the Sapajous. The animals composing this genus are all 

 natives of America, and they differ slightly in some parts of their anato- 

 mical structure from the other Sirrdaidce. Geoffrey and Desmarest have 

 divided them into numerous genera, but the trifling differences which they 

 have employed for that purpose, can scarcely be sufficient for more than a 

 division into the subgenera Mycetes (Howlers or Stentors) ; Ateles (Spider 

 Monkeys, the Sapajou proper) ; Cebus (Weepers or Capuchins) ; and the 

 Saganius and Douroucouii. The Red Monkey (Cebus Ruber), represented 

 on Plate 2, belongs to the first of the above divisions. The length of its 

 body, from the occiput to the origin of the tail, about twenty-two inches ; 

 the tail rather more than as long again ; general colour a bright red, face 

 black and naked ; a few large black bristles on the eyebrows, lips, and 

 chin ; belly and chest bare ; fingers long. The Indians call this animal the 

 King of the Monkeys. They live in small parties in the woody islets of 

 large flooded savannahs, and never on the mountains of the interior of 

 Guiana. The cry, or rather horrible rattling scream which they make may 

 well inspire terror, and seems as if the forest contained the united howlings 

 of all its savage inhabitants together. It is commonly in the morning and 

 evening that they make this clamour ; they also repeat it in the course of 

 the day, and sometimes in the night. The sound is so strong and varied, 

 that those who hear it often imagine that it is produced by several of the 

 animals at once, and are surprised to find only two or three, and sometimes 

 only one. Such was the account given to Dr. fehaw by a person who had 

 seen and kept these animals at Cayenne. 



Of the Preacher Monkey, or Brown Howler (Cebus Fuscus) another 

 species of this genera Marcgraave gives a curious account : he says, " that 

 one sometimes mounts the top of a branch and assembles a multitude 

 below ; he then sets up a howl so loud and horrible, that a person at a 

 distance would imagine that a hundred joined in the cry ; after a certain 

 space he gives a signal with his hand, when the whole assembly join in 

 chorus ; but on another signal a sudden silence prevails, and then the orator 

 finishes his harangue. It is a dull morose animal, native of the Brazils, 

 living in the wildest deserts, but fond of its female. 



The Four-fingered Monkey (Cebus Coaita, or Paniscus) is a species of 

 the subgenus Ateles (Plate 2). It measures about two feet in length 

 from the occiput to the tail ; limbs very long and slender ; thumbs of the 

 fore extremities hidden by skin ; nails flat ; hair black, long, and rough. 

 They inhabit the parts about Carthagena, Guiana, Brazil, and Peru ; are 

 extremely active, and it is said that in order to pass from top to top of 

 lofty trees, the branches of which are too distant for a leap, they will form 



a chain by hanging down linked to each other's tails, and swinging about 

 till the lowest catches hold of a bough of the next tree -and draws up the 

 rest. Dampier has given an amusing account of them, which may be found 

 in his " Voyage." 



The following species belong to this subgenus : C. Pentadactylus ; C. 

 Hypoxanthus ; C. Marginatus ; C. Beelzebuth ; and C. Arachnoides. 



The Capuchin Monkey (Cebus Capucinus) comes first in order under 

 the subgenus Cebus. Its characteristics are : head round ; face flat, flesh- 

 coloured, sprinkled with small black hairs ; those on the top of the head 

 also short, those on the vertex and top of the occiput black, and forming 

 a well-marked calotte or monk's cap, whilst the other hairs are of a greyish- 

 white ; a black line extends from the fore-part of the calotte to the root of 

 the nose ; shoulders and outside of arms greyish-white ; upper part of the 

 body, flanks, and outsides of thighs, brown, glossed at the points of the 

 hairs with yellow ; insides of the arms and thighs deeper coloured than the 

 external ; a brown line on the posterior surface of the fore-arm ; tail brown. 

 Native of Guiana. 



We pass by the Weeper Monkey (Cebus Apella), so called from its 

 plaintive cry ; while of the Horned Monkey, or Horned Weeper (Cebus 

 Fatuellus) Plate 2 we can give but a very brief notice. Its back is 

 chestnut-coloured, becoming brighter on the sides ; belly bright red ; 

 extremities and tail of a brownish-black ; and it has two strong bundles of 

 black hairs rising on either side of the forehead. Native of Guiana. 



There are several other genera under this division, varying merely in 

 colour, for which the reader is referred to M. Geoffrey's paper on the 

 Quculrumana, in the nineteenth volume of the " Annales du Museum." 



We also include under this subgenus, M. Geoffrey's genus Callithrix, 

 which is merely distinguished by the tail being but slightly prehensile ; 

 such are the Squirrel Monkey (Cebus, or Callithrix Sciureus), and the 

 Masked Sagouin (Cebus, or Callithrix Personnatus), and four other species 

 of minor importance. 



The Squirrel Monkey (Plate 2) is as large as a Squirrel; face flattish, 

 bare, and white, with a black patch, which includes the tip of the nose 

 and both lips ; a small greenish spot on each cheek ; upper parts of the 

 body of a yellowish-green, and having a greyish tint on the upper arms and 

 thighs, which changes to a bright orange on the fore arms and legs ; tail 

 greyish-green, deeper coloured above than beneath ; belly, chest, neck, and 

 cheeks white, slightly tinged with yellow. It is a very docile animal, and 

 surrounds its body with its tail ; is fond of insects, and has sufficient 

 sagacity to recognize them in prints. Is native of the Brazils and 

 Cayenne. 



The subjoined wood-engraving is a faithful representation of the White- 

 throated Sapajou. 



White-throated Snpajou. 



Mr. Gardner, in his " Travels in Brazil," gives an amusing account of one 

 of those animals (C. Ateles Paniscus), which had been so thoroughly tamed 

 as to cause it to become a general favourite. He says, " Jerry became so 



