6 



CLASS MAMMALIA. 



ORDER QUADRUMANA. 



fond of tea, that it would not go to sleep without its usual allowance ; its 

 its favourite food was farina, boiled rice, and bananas, but scarcely anything 

 came amiss to it. Whenever anything was given to it that was too hard 

 to break with its teeth, it always looked about for a stone, and lifting it 

 with one hand, by repeated blows would attempt to crack it ; if unsuc- 

 cessful by these means, it would try to find a larger stone, which it would 

 hold in both its bauds, and rising erect on its legs, would let it fall, leaping 

 backwards at the same time to avoid any injury to its toes. Jerry generally 

 rode on the back of a large mastiff dog, and in this manner performed 

 a journey of several thousand miles. These two animals were greatly 

 attached to each other. Before starting, the dog used to go to the place 

 where the little monkey was tied, and wait till it was put upon its back, 

 and its cord made fast to his collar. To prevent itself from slipping over 

 the dog's head, in going down a hill, Jerry made use of his long prehen- 

 sile tail as a crupper, by coiling the extremity round the root of that of the 

 dog." 



The prehensile power of the tails of these animals may be inferred from 

 the following fact, noticed by Darwin in his " Journal of Researches :" 



" My companion, the day before, had shot two large Bearded Monkeys. 

 These animals have prehensile tails, the extremity of which, even after 

 death, can support the whole weight of the body. One of them thus 

 remained fast to a branch, and it was necessary to cut down a large tree to 

 procure it. This was soon effected, and down came tree and monkey with 

 an awful crash." 



In conclusion, it is right to observe that the animals under this genus 

 (Cebus) are constituted into a family under the name Cebida?, by Dr. Gray, 

 Prince Lncien Buonaparte, and other eminent naturalists. For the present 

 we retain the earlier classification. 



PITHECIA the Sa/as. Although in some respects resembling the 

 Sopojous (Callithrix) and the Sogoins (Saguinus), the animals forming this 

 genus are distinguished from the former in not having the tail prehensile, 

 and from the latter in its thick hairy covering. From the Holders (My- 

 cetes) they are distinguished by not having the organ of voice so largely 

 developed ; and from the other smaller American monkeys they are 

 separated by the blunt form of the tubercles on their molar teeth, and by 

 the flatness of their nails. They generally live together in troops among 

 the woods of Brazil and Guiana, and are slow in their motions, voracious, 

 and dull. Kuhl has divided them into three sections from the varying 

 length of their tail, and from the chin being covered or not with a beard. 



First, Those with very bushy beards, and tails nearly as long as their 

 bodies. The Simia Satanas (P. Satanas), found on the banks of the 

 Orinoco, and on the banks of the Japura, in Peru. The Great Paraoua 

 (P. Hirsutus), so called on account of the thickness of its fur, which 

 resembles that of a bear : found near Tabatinga, on the rivers Tonantin and 

 Japnra, lateral branches of the Solimoens ; they are very fond of insects, and 

 a peculiar kind of fruit called " inga." They are heard at a great distance- 

 in the morning and evening, uttering a dull noise similar to a continued 

 chatter. They live together in troops among the forests, are very active and 

 watchful, and on the least noise hurry off into the deepest recesses of the 

 forests, so that they are caught with great difficulty. When once caught, 

 however, and tamed, they become much attached to their master, approach 

 whenever they see him eating, and run to him for shelter when alarmed. 



The species P. Cheiropotes, an animal about the size of a fox, is 

 strong, active, sullen, and difficult to tame : its eyes have a melancholy 

 expression mingled with ferocity. When irritated, it raises itself on its 

 hind legs, grinds its teeth, rubs the extremity of its beard, and leaps around 

 the person on whom it desires to avenge itself. In these angry fits, 

 Humboldt mentions he has often seen it drive its teeth into large planks of 

 the Cedrda odorata. It rarely drinks; and what is very remarkable, never 

 like the other American monkeys, by putting its lips to the vessel in which 

 water is contained, but by taking up some into the hollow of its ham 1, 

 which it carries to its mouth, whilst the head is inclined on one shoulder, 

 and it uses either hand indiscriminately. Humboldt mentions that it 

 becomes furious if its beard be wetted, and therefore imagines that in con- 



sequence of its being unable to drink in the usual way without wetting its 

 beard, it uses this curious method. They live only in pairs among the 

 forests in the vast deserts of the Alto Orinoco to the south-east of Cata- 

 ractes; they are not, however, very common in the other parts of Guianu. 

 According to Father Juan Gonzales, the Indians of Allures and of Esme- 

 ralda eat them at certain seasons of the year. The Capuchin Monkeys of 

 Rio Sinu are not, as supposed, either of this species or genus, but a variety 

 of the Red Howler. 



The Jackated Monkey (P. Sagulatus), supposed by some to be the same 

 as the P. Satanas. It is a native of the interior of Demerara. 



The second subgenus includes those without beards, and whose tails are 

 longer or of the same length as their body. The White-headed Saki (P. 

 Leucocephalus), VYarque of Buffon ; a native of French Guiana. The 

 Fox-tailed Monkey (P. Capillamentosus), whose trunk measures nine inches 

 in length, and the tail ten inches and three-quarters. It is a native of 

 Brazil and of French Guiaua, where it is allied Sakka Winkee. The Red- 

 bellied Saki (P. Rufiventer), found in French Guiana. The Red-bearded 

 Said (P. Rufibarbatus), native of Surinam. The Yellow-headed Saki 

 (P. Ocrocephalus), native of Cayenne. The Monk Saki (P. Mimachus). 

 This new species is given with some doubt by Geoffrey, and he thinks it 

 the animal called by Buffon the Yarque, and that it is a native of Brazil. 



Besides these there are the Pitheda Inustus, inhabitants of the forests 

 bordering the Tonantin branch of the Solimoens river, near Tabitanga ; and 

 the Miriquoina, natives of the woods in the province of Chaco, and on the 

 western side of the Paraguay river. 



The third subdivision are those animals which have short tails, and are 

 destitute of beards. The Black-leaded Saki (P. Melanocephalus) : it is 

 called Cacajao, or Cacahao, by the Maritivitain Indians of the Rio Negro ; 

 Caruiri by the Caudaqueres, or Cabres, of the Mission of San Fernando, 

 near the junction of the Orinoco, Atabapo, and Guaviare'; and Monofeo, or 

 Hideous Monkey, Chucutu, or Mono rabuu, Short-tailed Monkey, by the 

 Missionaries of Cassiquaire. But it is rare. It is a little, voracious animal, 

 but phlegmatic, inactive, weak, and exceedingly gentle. It feeds on all kinds 

 of fruit, even on the sourest citrons, but is especially greedy of the banana, 

 guava, papaya, and the cloves of the ingas. The Brachyurus Ouakary : 

 this species is called by the natives Ouakary ; they always live in troops, 

 principally in the forests bordering the river Iga, one of the branches of the 

 Amazon river, and during the day make the woods ring with their shrill 

 discordant cries. 



HAPALE the Oustitis. This genus was long considered as forming 

 part of the subgenus Pitheda, in the genus Cebus, to which these- animals 

 have a near resemblance ; but they are distinguished from them by the 

 upright position of the incisive teeth, by the approximation of the cuspid 

 to them in the lower jaw, by the number of molars, which are only live 

 instead of six on a side ; by the flat ears, which in the Pitheda have the 

 edge curled, and by the indistinct thumb of the hand, and the claw-like 

 nails, whilst the other genus have the thumbs distinct, and the nails flat. 

 They are very docile ; and are little, agreeably-formed animals, about the 

 size of our Squirrels, with the rounded head and flat visage of the American 

 Monkey tribe. 



The animals included in this genus are subdivided into Oustitis with 

 ringed tails, Oustitis with tails not ringed, and Oustitis with large ears. 



1. First, the Oustitis with ringed tails: 



Our second plate contains a picture of one species, the Hapale Vulgaris, or 

 Communis, named, by Geoffroy, Jacchus ; by Pennant, the Striated Ape ; and 

 by the inhabitants of Paraguay, Titi. Its general colour is ashy ; its rump 

 and tail are marked with alternate rings of greyish-brown and ash ; a 

 broad white spot on the forehead, and two large tufts of long, fine, ash- 

 coloured hair before and behind the ears; the remainder of the head and 

 shoulders brownish-red ; hands and feet brown. The Titi is a native of 

 Guiana and Brazil ; it walks on all-fours, and cannot grasp with the fore- 

 hand, except by closing all five fingers, in consequence of the shortness ,,t 

 the thumb; it sutlers much from cold and damp, but if taken care of will 

 breed in Europe, having done so in France. 



