8 



CLASS M A M M A L I A. 



ORDER Q UADRUMANA. 



of each posterior index, which is claw-like ; thumbs short ; tail very 

 short. 



4. OTOLICNUS. In the upper jaw incisive teeth four, vertical, in pairs, 

 and these separated by a gap ; cuspid teeth large and triangular ; molar 

 five on a side, the first pair single-pointed and resembling the cuspid ; the 

 others furnished with four tubercles. In the lower jaw six very narrow, 

 long, and procumbent incisive teeth ; cuspid, thick, and curved ; molar as 

 in the upper jaw : muzzle sharp ; face hairy ; eyes large ; ears large and 

 bare ; tail very long and hairy ; all the feet furnished with thumbs ; nails 

 flat, that of the fore-finger or second toe of the hind feet falcular ; the tarsi 

 longer than the legs. 



5. TARSIUS. Incisive teeth in the upper jaw four, of which the middle 

 two are long, strong, and pointed, outer ones small and sharp; in two 

 lower jaws small and pointed ; upper cuspid teeth not so large as the 

 middle, but larger than the outer incisive ; lower cuspid larger than the 

 lower incisive ; molar teeth on each side in either jaw six, the anterior three 

 single-pointed, and increasing in size from the first; the last three in the 

 lower jaw have each two pointed tubercles on their outer edge, a very 

 large one on their inner edge, with two little points between them ; in the 

 lower the crowns of their teeth have three points disposed in a triangular 

 form in front, with two others behind separated by a deep groove ; head 

 nearly spherical; muzzle short; eyes large, approximated, and directed 

 forwards ; ears large, naked ; hind limbs very large, as the tarsus is thrice 

 as long as the metatarsus; nails triangular, broad, flat, and excepting 

 those of the second and third toes of the feet, which are narrow, curved, 

 and pointed ; body covered with longish and very soft hair ; tail very long, 

 with a bushy tip. 



r.KMUUlD.K. DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES. 



LEMUR Macauco. The genus Lemur of Linnaeus included species of 

 very different characters, which have been ranged by Illiger, under the 

 genera Lichanotus, Stenops, Otolicnus, and Tarsius. The true Lemurs, as 

 now restricted, are distinguished from the Lichanoti by having five instead 

 of four lower molars, and by their long tail, which is wanting in the Licha- 

 noti; from the Stenopes they are separated by their long tail, their less 

 graceful form, and the length of the muzzle, which in the Stenopes is very 

 short ; from the Otolicni and Tarsii they are distinguished by the shortness 

 of the foot in comparison with those animals, and by the different form and 

 disposition of the teeth. 



The Lemurs are rather elegant in form, and have the hinder rather longer 

 than the fore legs ; the body is covered with thick woolly, but soft hair, 

 which much increases the real size of the animal ; the head is of a tri- 

 angular shape, with a sharp and long-extended muzzle, which is bare ; the 

 eyes are large and prominent, directed forwards, and very lively. They 

 are natives of Madagascar and the neighbouring islands, and have not been 

 found elsewhere. Like the Monkeys, they live in troops, among the trees, 

 where they feed on fruit, and are extremely nimble. In confinement they 

 are very mild and docile, often becoming attached to their keeper. They 

 move about with much elegance, and with a very light step, usually 

 carrying their long bushy tail above their back. They are extremely chilly, 

 notwithstanding the warmth of their coat, and are fond of basking in the 

 sun, or lying before the fire, with their tail coiled round them, in which 

 state they usually sleep. 



^ The King-tailed Macauco (L. Catta) is rather larger that) the common 

 its fur, which is short, close, fine, and upright, is of a reddish-ash on 

 the back, becoming lighter on the sides; the entire under parts and the 

 insides of the limbs white; face white, the nose tipped with black; the 

 ocular circlets and occiput also black; ears pointed and erect; i'rides 

 brown ; the tail, which is twice as long as the body, alternately ringed 

 thirty times with black and white; the black skin covering the palm 

 of the hand extends in a narrow line some distance up the arm over- 

 shadowed, however, by the wool. Native of Madagascar and the neigh- 

 bouring islands, and gregarious. It takes considerable and violent exercise 



before going to rest, then seeks a high station, and 

 sleeps w ith its head dropped on the chest, and its 

 long tail coiled around it. It is very good tempered 

 and cleanly, combing itself with the lower incisive 

 teeth ; its cry is weak and similar to that of a Cat. 

 Plate 3. Hrad ut' Mucauco. 



The other species are the Black or Huffed Macauco, which, it is said, 

 is very fierce in its wild state, but in confinement mild and good tempered ; 

 the Bed Lemur (L. Ruber), a rare species ; the Woolly Macauco (L. Mon- 

 gooz), a good-tempered, but timid animal ; the \Vliite-fronted Macauco 

 (L. Albifrons) ; the Black-fronted Macauco (L. Nigrifrons) ; the Brown 

 Macauco (L. Fulvus) ; the Collared J^emur (L. Collaris) ; the White-footed 

 Lemur (L. Albimanus) ; the Rufous Lemur (L. Rufus), and the Cinereous 

 Lemur, the le Petit 

 Mold of Buflbn, 

 which is the small- 

 est species of the 

 genus. We subjoin 

 a wood-engraving of 

 the White-fronted 

 Macauco, with its 

 young one entwined 

 around its body. 

 This animal is about 

 the size of a Cat ; and 

 the male is distin- 

 guished from the fe- 

 male by having those 

 parts white which 

 in the female are 

 grey. In a speci- 

 men bred in France, 

 gestation lasted four 

 months ; in six 

 weeks after birth 



the young fed them- ilue.iuco. 



selves, and left sucking after six months. 



LICHAXOTUS the Indris. In form, these animals resemble the Lemurs, 

 but are distinguished by the smaller number of the incisive and molar teeth, 

 and the variation in their shape ; by the shortness of the ears, and the 

 extreme shortness of the tail. They have, however, the face and muzzle 

 elongated, and the head small. 



The Short-tailed Indri (Plate 3) is about three feet in height when 

 standing erect ; the skin nearly black. This single species is a native of 

 Madagascar, and was first discovered by Sonnerat. It is tamed by the 

 natives, and said to be employed in hunting. 



STENOPS the Loris. This genus differs from the Lemurs, in having 

 the head large and round ; the muzzle, though pointed, short like that of a 

 pug-dog ; the eyes very large and close set ; the molar teeth more pointed, 

 the pectoral teats four instead of two, and the tail scarcely visible. The 

 general form of the body is somewhat like the Lemurs, but rather more 

 thick-set in one and more delicate in the other species. They are nocturnal 

 animals, and it is presumed live upon small animals, which they seize on 

 whilst asleep. 



Our third plate contains a picture of the Slow Lemur, or Bengal Lori 

 (S. Bengalensis, or Lemur Tardigradus) : it is about thirteen inches in 

 length ; head rounded, muzzle short and obtuse, with the nose short and 

 flattened in front, the nostrils opening laterally; body short and thick-set, 

 covered with long, thick, yellowish, deep ashy fur. It is found in Bengal, 

 also in other parts of Hindustan, and in Ceylon, Penang, and Java. This 

 species is extremely slow in its motions, and hence was applied to it, by 

 Linna'us, the specific name Tardigradus, as distinguishing it from the other 

 and very active species of his genus L< 



The habits of this animal, at least in a state of confinement, have been 



