FAMILY F R U C T I V O K A. THE BAT TRIBE. 



sufficiently interesting to attract the notice of three observers, Vosmaer, 

 Baird, and Sir William Jones. The first of them, Vosmaer, says, that it 

 slept all day till between eight and nine in the evening, seated on its rump, 

 close to the wires of its cage, with the head bent forwards between its fore 

 feet which were laid on its belly, whilst its hind feet firmly grasped the 

 wires. When aroused, it moved very slowly, drawing itself from bar to 

 bar, taking hold of the upper part of one bar with its fore feet, and not 

 leaving go till it had grasped another bar with one of its hands. Upon the 

 ground it also moved very slowly, dragging one leg after the other as if 

 partially paralyzed, and never raising its body, so that the belly was usually 

 not more than an inch from the ground. No attempt to make it leave go 

 its hold by poking with a stick succeeded, but if hurt and angered, it bit 

 sharply at the stick, uttering the cry ai, ai, at, lengthened into a plaintive, 

 long, and tremulous tone : this occurred especially when it was disturbed in 

 the day, which irritated it much. It was fond of soft fruits and eggs, and 

 destroyed bird and chaffers, which it ate voraciously. Vosmaer says it 

 would only eat biscuit when dry, but not moistened, and that it would not 

 touch water ; on the contrary, Baird's animal would not touch it dry, but 

 ate it greedily when moistened and sugared, and lapped water freely like a 

 Cat. 



Another species, mentioned by Geoffroy, is the Nycticebus Javanicus, the 

 muzzle of which is much narrower than in the preceding species. There is 

 also the Slender Lori (S. Ceylonicus), which is remarkably distinguished 

 from the Slow Lori by the greater elevation of its nose, by its more delicate 

 form, and by the length and slenderness of its limbs ; its fur is soft and 

 almost woolly ; its general colour is reddish-brown, excepting the tip of 

 the muzzle, sides of the head, lower jaw, and under part of the neck, which 

 are whitish, and the chest, belly, and inside of the limbs, which are white, 

 the latter tinged with yellow ; a white patch upon the forehead descends 

 between the eyes, and the ocular circlets are ferruginous. It is a native of 

 the island of Ceylon. 



From the difference in the general proportions of S. Bengdensis and 

 S. Ceylonicus from the greater delicacy of limbs in the latter, and its more 

 upraised nose Geoffrey has divided them into two distinct genera, applying 

 to the former that of Nycticebus, and to the latter Loris : this arrangement, 

 however, we have not thought fit to adopt; but retain them as species of 

 the genus Stenops. 



OTOLICNUS the Galagos. These animals have great similarity to the 

 Lemurs, but the length of the hind feet much exceeding that of the legs, 

 and giving to these limbs a very disproportionate appearance, their very large 

 membranous ears, their short, round head, and large eyes situated very low, 

 distinguish them from the latter animals. Like the Lemurs, they are also 

 nocturnal animals ; which is immediately noted by the large size of their 

 eyes. During daytime they live in the hollows of trees, where they make 

 their nest of dry grass, and in the evening, about twilight, leave it for the 

 purpose of hunting after insects and fruit, upon which they feed. They 

 have a long, bushy, and very rnoveable tail, but it is not prehensile. They 

 have hitherto only been found in Africa and Madagascar. 



The species are the Thick-tailed Gdago (O. Crassicaudatus), the Mada- 

 gascar Gdago (O. Madagascariensis), the Senegal Gdago (O. Senagalensis), 

 Dermdorfs Galago (O. Dermdoiffii), and the Potto of Bosnian (O. Gui- 

 nensis). The last named is placed by Geoffroy among his Nycticebi, the 

 Stenopes of Uliger, but the length of the tail sufficiently distinguishes it 

 from them. Its general colour is ferruginous. Of the Senegal Galago a 

 representation will be found on Plate 3. This animal is about the size of 

 a Rat ; its ears are as long as its head ; fur long and thick ; the lips and 

 upper part of the nose yellowish-white, and the same colour prevails 

 between the eyes up to the forehead; top of the head, region of the eyes, 

 and cheeks blackish ; back dusky-yellow ; sides, fore arms and thighs of 

 the same colour but a lighter shade ; neck, chest, belly, arms, and legs 

 yellowish ; tail much longer than the body, ferruginous, and terminating in 

 a pencil-like form. It is further remarkable for having only two incisive 

 teeth in the upper jaw. It is a mild, inoffensive animal, lives in the hollows 

 of trees, feeds on insects, and is found in Senegal. 



TARSIUS the Mdmags. The species are three, viz : the Woolly Jerboa, 

 or Daubenton's Tarsier (T. Spectram), Fischer's T. Fuscomanus, and the 

 Podje of Horsfield (T. Baneanus) ; Temminck and Cuvier are, however, of 

 opinion that there is but a single species, the T. Baneanus and the T. Fus- 

 comanus being regarded as the young of the Woolly Jerboa (T. Spectrum). 



The Woolly Jerboa, or Daubenton's Tarsier (Plate 3), is about the size 

 of the long-tailed field-mouse, measuring with the toes inclusive eleven and 

 a half inches, tail nine and a half inches, almost naked and scaly like that of 

 a Rat ; forehead wide and flat ; the pupils of the eyes are so very large, 

 that scarcely any other part of them can be seen, and the superciliary 

 ridges but slightly developed ; ears large, and projecting laterally ;" " the 

 whole face," says Sir Stamford Raffles, " has a peculiar and singular aspect, 

 the grinning mouth giving it an odd expression of risibility ;" the hairy 

 wool, about half an inch in length, is very soft to the touch ; deep tawny 

 on the back, ramp, and belly, but paler on the other parts ; head ashy ; 

 neck short and hands reddish ; the toes, excepting the second and third of 

 the feet, have nails so small, that they resemble little scale-like processes ; 

 the tips of all the toes are dilated into flat, rounded, fleshy callosities, which 

 are considered to assist them materially in climbing ; many of the other 

 joints of the toes have these callosities, but of smaller size. 



It is very rare in Sumatra, and only in the deepest woods is one seen in the 

 course of two or three years ; here it is called Singa-pooa, or Little Lion, and 

 the natives have a story that it was originally as large as a Lion, from which 

 it has gradually diminished to its present size. It mounts the trees with 

 short leaps, and feeds upon young leaves and ripe fruits. The inhabitants 

 have great dread of these animals, insomuch that if they happen to see one 

 upon any tree near their ladangs or forest rice-fields, they will immediately 

 abandon them and seek another spot ; otherwise they believe some mis- 

 fortune will certainly befall them or their family. A representation of the 

 T. Baneanus is also contained in our third Plate. 



ORDER II. CHEIEOPTEKA. 

 WING-HANDED. 



THE distinctive features of this order consist in the affinity of their form 

 both to the Quadrumana and Aves. 



ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. 

 PLATE 4. 



Family 1. FRUIT-EATING BATS ; Fructivora. 



Genera. Species. Common Name. 



Pteropus ... - Javanicus - ... Java Rousetta. 



Family 2. LEAFLESS-NOSED BATS. 



Molossus - --- Velox Swift Molosse. 



Family 3. LEAF-NOSED BATS. 



Phyllostoma - - - Spectrum ----- Spectre Bat. 



Other Generaof these Families : Noctilio, Nycteris, Nycticeius, Plecotus, 

 Rhinolophus, Rhinopoma, Taphozous, Vespertilio, and Galeopithecus. 



GALEOPITHECUS. 



The last-named genus must 'first be noticed before we proceed to the 

 characteristics of the genera which precede it, since Gray and other natur- 

 alists have given this genus of the Cheiroptera a family distinction, by 

 placing it between the Lemurs and the Bats. 



GALEOPITHECUS (Greek yaXt'q, a Cat, and irldrims, a Monkey Cat- 

 like Monkey, because it climbs trees like a cat. Its common name is 

 Cdugo. Its characteristics are : Upper incisive teeth four, distant from 

 each other ; lower incisives four also, declining, their crowns pectinated ; 

 cuspid teeth very small, resembling the molars, the lower largest; anterior 

 molar teeth triangular, crown very sharply pointed on a broad base, 

 posterior bearing several points ; ears small ; neck, limbs, and toes enve- 



