144 



CLASS INSECTA. 



HEMIPTEROUS INSECTS. 



abdomen. There have been only a few species described, of which the 

 following is the type 



Illustration : Evania appendigaster 



SCOLIA. Antennae filiform, thick, straight, inserted rather below the 

 middle of the face, thirteen-jointed, and somewhat elongated in the males ; 

 fourteen-jointed in the females; mandibles stout; palpi short, filiform, 

 maxillary six jointed, labial four-jointed; eyes emarginate; wings four, 

 anterior with three submarginal areolets, with two perfect discoidal ones, 

 and an open one towards the apex ; the second submarginal areolet re- 

 ceiving a recurvent nervure ; abdomen elongate, slightly pedunculated ; 

 legs robust ; femora compressed ; tibiae robust, four posterior with acute 

 spurs at the apex, tarsi downy. 



Type of the genus, S. hartorum.. A very numerous genus. None of 

 them occur in Britain. 



Illustration : Scolia quadrimaculata. 



MUTILLA. Antennae longer than the head, filiform, situated in the front 

 of the head, the first and second joints elongate ; maxillary palpi longer 

 than the maxilla;; head large; abdomen oval in both sexes, convex, the 

 second segment large; thorax cubical ; wings with one marginal and three 

 submarginal areolets ; wanting in the females. 



Inhabitants of warm and temperate regions. 



Illustration : Mvtitta coccinea. 



ICHNEUMON. Maxillary palpi of five joints, mouth not produced into a 

 beak, joints of the maxillary palpi unequal ; antenna? filiform or setaceous ; 

 jaws two-toothed at the top ; ovipostor hidden or slightly produced ; abdomen 

 oval or depressed, formed of five, or more, apparent rings. 



The type of the genus is /. sagittatarius of Fabricius. 



The Ichneumons are more formidable to the larva; of insects than the 

 Ichneumon of the ancients, which was said to enter the Crocodile's mouth 

 while it was asleep and eat out its intestines; for the Crocodile could prevent its 

 entrance by keeping its mouth shut, but the larvae of insects can use no such 

 precaution, and it is almost impossible for them to escape entirely. The 

 female Ichneumon of those species is provided with a long ovipositor, which 

 it introduces, when about to lay its eggs, in a perpendicular direction into 

 every hole which is likely to contain one of its victims. They generally choose 

 those larvae which are about to change into their pupa state. The larva; of 

 the Inchenmons are small worms, destitute of legs, which live in the bodies 

 of other lame as intestinal worms do in the bodies of larger animals. 

 Others lay their eggs in the galls produced by the Tenthredoes. De Geer 

 described a species which deposits its eggs in the bodies of spiders ; and he 

 also observes, that the Plant Lice are also subject to the attacks of several 

 species of this family. 



Illustration : Ichneumon manifestar. 



MASARIS. Antennae compressed, eight-jointed, the terminal joint thickened, 

 obconic, in the male as long as the head and thorax united ; abdomen con- 

 siderably elongated ; thorax, with the first sequent, prolonged to the base of 

 the superior wings, which are longitudinally folded; lip long, filiform, 

 tubulose, with two elongated linear lacinia; beneath. 



Type : M. vespiformis, a native of Barbary, found on flowers. 



Illustration : Masaris apiformis. 



OHDEK VI. LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS. 

 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. 



PLATE 5. 



CKAMBUS. Tongue distinct ; the four palpi conspicuous ; inferior ones 

 large ; wings incumbent, giving a cylindrical appearance to the insect. 

 Type: C. carneus, Fabr. 

 Illustration : Crambos margaritellus. 



ADELA. A genus of the section Tineites, the characters of which are : 

 antennae setaceous, simple, sometimes ciliated, and far apart at their insertion ; 

 palpi apparent ; trunk indistinct ; upon the clypeus a tuft of erect little 

 scales; wings long, inclosing the body. Larva six-footed, solitary, and 

 inclosing itself in a proper sheath. 



Most of the insects of this section are very easily distinguished from the 

 Phalttena:, by their peculiar appearance and form ; they are the smallest, 

 most brilliant, and most richly ornamented of all the Lepidoptera, gold and 

 sihvr mingled with the brightest colours overspreading the wings of a great 

 number. 



Tin- species of Adda have very long antenna*, with the eyes contiguous ; 

 palpi very small and pilose ; wings brilliant. They are found in wood, and 

 are called Japan Moths. 



Illustration : Adda sultzella. 



ORDER VII. DIPTEROUS INSECTS. 



ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPI.KS. 



CERIA. Antennas considerably longer than the head, the second articu- 

 lation, with the terminal, forming an oval club, terminated with a very short 

 conical style. 



Type : C. davicornis, Fabr. 



Illustration : Cerai conapsoides. 



HENOPS (Ogcodes of Latroille). Antennas very minute, biarticulafc*, inserted 

 in the superior margin of the mouth; head almost wholly occupied by the 

 eyes ; ocelli three ; proboscis concealed ; thorax convex ; abdomen robust, 

 gibbous ; legs simple ; onychii three. 



Type of the genus : Musca gibbosa, Linnaeus. Three species of this sin- 

 gular genus only are known, two of which inhabit England. 



Illustration : Hettops marginatus. 



ANTHRAX. Palpi received into the cavity of the mouth ; proboscis 

 short, scarcely porrected. 



Illustration : Anthrax moria. 



ORDER VIII. HEMIPTEROUS INSECTS. 



ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. 



TlNGIS. Antennas filiform, four-jointed, the third joint very long, and 

 the fourth large and oval ; trunk ensheathed at its base, with the edges of 

 the sheath much raised; body fiat and membranous; wing-cases much 

 reticulated, wide, and covering the sides of the abdomen. 



This genus, formed by Fabricius, is very remarkable for the semi- 

 transparency of its thorax and wing-cases. They are natives of Europe. 



The type of the genus is T. Cristata, Panz. 



Illustration : Tingis vinarum. 



LYG.EUS. Ocelli two, very far from each other ; antenna; always filiform, 

 inserted on the side of the head, just above the beak ; head not narrowed 

 behind, so as to form a neck narrower than the thorax ; thorax trapezoidal. 



There are many species of the genus found in England. 



The type is L. equestris, the Cimex equestris of Linnaeus. 



Illustration : Lygccus militaris. 



HYDROMETRA. Antenna; bristle-like, with the third joints much longer 

 than the others ; the front legs not folded ; head cylindrical ; trunk pro- 

 duced, in an inferior groove. 



The type of the genus common in stagnant pools, is our 



Illustration : Hydrametra stagiiarum. 



GERRIS. The four hinder legs inserted on the side of the thorax, far 

 distant at their origin, long, slender, with the two hooks of the end of the 

 tarsi very small, and placed in a lateral slit ; the second pair distant from the 

 first, which are very small, and serve the purpose of claws ; the antennas 

 filiform, sheath of the sucker of three valves. 



These insects are of a blackish colour, and run with great quickness on 

 the surface of water, on which they move as if by jumps ; beneath they are 

 silvery-white. They are usually apterous, and they reproduce their species 

 in that state ; indeed, they only appear, like the Bed Bug, to gain their 

 wings under peculiar circumstances. 



The type of the genus is our 



Illustration: Gerris lacustris. 



