iir..\n. 



57 



face. It is particularly distinguished by: 1, Its great thickness. 2, The o.-- 



couical cores \\ hich support the horns. Tb. -si- eminences, more or less long and curved, 



uuged, perforated by foramina, and grooved l.y small vascular clnmiels, are 



detaeln d outwards tY"in each side of the l>ne, near the summit of the head. The 



--es which form the orbital arches rest by their summits on the y.ygomatic bone. 



i:pra-orbital foramen is transformed into a veritable and frequently multiple canal; 



it- anterior oritice ojiens into a vasculo-nervous groove, which ascends towards the base 



u f the horns, and descends to near the lower border of the bone. Between thin groove 



ami the base of the orbital arch is the frontal boss. The orbital foramen entirely belongs 



to this bone. The inferior border is deeply notched in its middle to receive the nasal 



: the frontal sinuses are prolonged into the horn-cores, the parietal bone, and even 



into the occipital bone. 



In the SI/,, t , and Goat, the frontal bone is relatively less extensive and strong than in 

 th>- <>x; it does not ascend to the summit of the head, and the frontal sinuses an m.t 

 prolonged beyond its snierior 1 .order. 

 moid bone. In ruminant*. 

 the great ethmoidal cell is enor- 

 miii.-ly developed, and looks like a 

 third turbinated bone prolonged be- 

 tween the usual two; it has been 

 named the vljiii-ttiri/ ant rum. 



The ethmoid tx'iie is closely im- 

 prisoned Utween the adjacent bones, 

 |Ucii<v of the slight develop- 

 ment of the .sinuses around it. This 

 character otherwise belongs to all 

 the domesticated animals, except soli- 

 peds. 



5. Sphenoid bone. In the Ox, 

 the subsphenoidal or pterygoid pro- 

 cesses are large and thin. The sub- 

 sphenoidal canal is absent. The 

 sella turcica is deep, and the bony 

 projection separating it from the 

 basilar process is very high. The 

 t in-.- suprasphenoidal canals are 

 converted into a single, but wide 

 one. There are no notches in the 

 superior border for the passage of 

 the internal carotid and spheno- 

 spinous arteries. That for the in- 

 ferior maxillary nerve is converted 

 into a canal the oval foramen. 



In the >'/<"//, the osseous promi- 

 nence that limits the pituitary fossa 

 posteriorly forms a lamina curv- 

 ing forwards and prolonged at its ex- 

 tremities into two points, which 

 constitute the posterior clinoid pro- 

 MHM, 



G'. Temporal bone. In the Ox, 

 >'// - /-. and G'oa*,the tuberous portion 

 of the temjioral bone is always con- 

 solidated with thosquamous portion, 

 and the .summit of the, zygomatic 

 process only articulates with the 



malar IM.IIC. 



In the t)s, the condyle of tho 



.iiatie proe. ss is very wide and 



\ in every sense. The parieto-teiujKiral canal is MTV large and entirely e\ca\at-d 

 in the temporal IHUM-; its stipciior or internal e\tnmii\ opt n.- ;d..ve tin jM-tnm.s jmrtimi 



in an excavation which n presents the lateral cavity of the parietal protuberance in the 



its inferior extiemiu it always shows several oriti. 

 The mastoid process is very salient, ami Ix-lougs to the K|uamus jiortioii I 



oiifoimded with the upper root of the zygomatic process; iuferiorly, it 



RAM'S HEAD; ANTERIOB FACE. 

 Occipital bone ; 2, Parietal bone; 3, Core of right 



frontal hone; 4, The left core coveral l.y it-, horn ; 

 it. Superciliary foramen; 5', Channel ih'scendiug 

 from it; !. Lachrymal hone; 7, /ygunta ; E 

 bone; 9, Supermaxillary hone; l<>, Pivinaxillary 

 bone; lu', It.- internal process; 1 1, Incisive open- 

 ing. 



