////: HKAD. 





and behind, and deprived "i 'a\. di in it^ > \tt-riral 

 b.irdt-r: neither i> tin re :my incisive foramen. 

 It is rarely con-.-lidated with tin- adjacent Inmes, 

 and is never, in the MiuilltT rnininant.s, articn- 

 luti-d \vitli tin- nasal 1* me. 



;. I'nl.it,- Ixme. This bone is very developed 

 in the Or, and noticeable lor the < onsiderable 

 t .if the ]i:il:itine |H>rtion of its .-xtern il snr- 

 The p.ihitine canal H entirely channeled 

 out in its sub-tmce. The palatine crest, very 

 tliin and elevated, is formed altogether by the 

 nor Inirder of the palate bone, the ptery- 

 goid, and the subsphenoidal process. There is 

 no excavation fr the sphenoidal sinuses; but, 

 in.-tead, all that part of the boiie which enters 

 into the roof of the palute is hollowed by irre- 

 gular cavities which coninuinicate with the max- 

 illary .-inns of the vime -idr. Tlie na-al fornmen 

 is \tj-y wide. In tlie >'/;> and <;<it,i\i>- maxil- 

 laiy .-imiM-s do not extend to them. 



"10. l'l> njijnld Itoni'. The pterygoid of the Of. 

 LB very large, and closes an aper- 

 ture It-it 1 iet wet 11 tl.e sphenoid and palate bones. 



11. /i/<jotna. The jugal lx>ne of Ruminaiitg is 

 very devt -loped. The zygomatic crest is no 

 Ion in- r fonnetl by the posterior border of the bone, 

 l>nt is carried to the posteiior part of the external 



and ruin parallel with the eyebrow. The 

 Minunit is bifurcated, the anterior branch form- 

 ing a buttress against the summit of the orbital 

 process of the frontal bone, while the posterior 

 articulates with the temporal. 



12. Lachrymal bone. The lachrymal bone, 

 much more extensive than that of the Horse, forms 

 in the bottom of the orbit an enormous protube- 

 rance, hollowed internally by the maxillary sinus, 

 ami whose walls are so thin and fragile that the 

 slightest jar is sufficient to cause their fracture 

 (in the skeleton). It would be convenient to 



iiate it tin- Im-hrijnuil protuberance,* In the 

 smaller ruminants, the inferior region of the exter- 

 nal face shows a depression, the lachrymal fossa. 



l:;. .\Wxn/ lames. The nasal bones of the Ox 

 are never consolidated with each other, nor yet 

 \sitli tin- neighbouring bones. The external border 

 only comes in contact to a small extent with the 

 Mipermaxillary bone; the superior extremity is 

 li.vd iii the notch of the inferior border of the 

 frontal lx>ne. At their inferior extremity, they 

 eaeli pres.nt a notch which divides them into two 

 points. 



In the Sheep and Goat the nasal spine is 

 nnitid, if in the Horse. 



II. Tnrlnii'il'-l lanes. In the Or, tin- cth- 



moidal tnrbiiiiitetl IH.IH is very small, and united 



8 na.-al bone by the two I>order8 of its osseous 



plate; it* internal ca\ ity entirely belongs to the 



frontal .-inn.-. The maxillary turhiimted lx.me is 



iiinl is joined to the bone which 



sustains it at a later period than in tlie II. .r-.. 



The Ijoiiy lamina of which it is compost d i.-enr\eil 



1 < lirurd. who mimeil tlii>t iiiin.-nee tin- iirhitttl 



, wrongly de.-cribetl i! n.- 

 to tin- .-ii]H-rma\illary bone. 



Fig. 30. 



MKDIAX AND VKRTICAL StXTTION OK 

 THE OX'S HKAD. 



1, Condvluid foramen; 1', Posterior ori- 

 fice of the occipital lateral canal 

 joining the parirto-tt-m|>oral canal 

 in front; '_', Internal auditory hiatus; 

 'ulterior foramen hicerum ; 4, Pos- 

 terior ditto; 5, I ut ra -cranial orifice 

 of the i>arieto-tem|K)ral canal ; 

 Median bony plate separating the 

 frontal sinuses; 7, Lamina which iso- 

 late-, the splieiioidal sinus ; H, Limiua 

 jwrtitioniii:; the palatine portion of 

 the maxillary sinuses; 9, Oval fora- 

 men; 10, Optic fossa; 11, Vonu-r; 

 ]_', PterjgOH I'.'iie; i;i. Lirge open- 

 in,' li-atliiig into tin- maxillary -inns, 

 aii'l which, in the t'resh sta: 

 l>v the jiitnitary ineiiiliiMiii- ; 14. Max- 

 illary turl'iliate.l I .one; !.'>, Kt hnioi l.d 

 turl.iiiate.t IM.I. ethnioidal 



,.11. 



