origin of the superior curved lines i> very elevated and strouir. The cervical tnln i 

 of the external occipital protuberance^ absent or little marked : the M\|.-id processes 

 are .-hort. and well deserve the name of jugular eminences. The foramen laeerum is 

 divided into two portions l>y the mastnid protuberance, and the basilar pn.ce. is \side, 

 long, and thick, and hollowed on the side by a channel that joins a similar MIC in the 

 tein|K.ral IHUIC to form a large venous canal. This last communicates, behind, with the 

 jxi.-t< rior foramen laeerum, and <p]icns. in front, in the cranium, where it is continuous 

 \>ith the cavernous groove of the sphenoid. The anterior angle forms a very marked 

 prominence, which is deeply fixed into the parietal bone, and partly constitute.-, the 

 internal protuberance of that l>one. 



2. Parietal bone. In the Dog the parietal l>ono, formed by two ossific centres only. 

 is distinguished by the great development of the ridges and the parietal protiil>erauce. 

 This last, constituted in part by the occipital bono. does not show any lateral e\ea\ations 

 at its base; they are carried lower, near tho summit of the petrou- i the 



sides of the occipital bone. The parieto-temporal canals are continued, notwithstanding, 

 to the base of the protuberance, which they traverse, to 

 open into tach other in its interior. 



In the Cat there are scarcely any parietal crests, and 

 the internal protuberance is replaced by two great trans- 

 verse bony plates which separate the cavity of the cerebrum 

 from that of the cerebellum. 



3. Frontal bone. In carnivore, the external face of this 

 bone presents in its middle a more or less marked de- 

 pression. The orbital arch is incomplete, and there is no 

 superciliary foramen, or mortice on the inner face. The 

 bone is united with the supermaxillariea. 



4. Ethmoid lx>ne. The ethmoidal fossa is very dei-p. 

 and the cells very developed and diverticulnted. Tho per- 

 pendicular lamina is at a late period consolidated with the 

 ephenoid bono. 



5. Sphenoid bone. The superior sphenoid of the Dog is 

 very short, and bears, laterally, two wide wings which 

 ascend to the temporal fossa ; they correspond to those of the 

 sphenoid bone in Man. The inferior sphenoid is, on tho 

 contrary, very narrow, and its lateral prolongations, or pro- 

 cesses of Ingrassias, are reduced to very small proportions. 

 The sub-sphenoidal or pterygoid process is very short, and 

 the canal is single, and communicates with the foramen 

 rotundum. The pituitary fossa is shallow, limited behind 

 and before by the posterior clinmd and anterior rliimid 



HEAD OF DOG ; ANTERIOR processes, so named because of their being compared to tho 

 FACE. four posts of an ancient bed. The supersphenoidal canals 



1 Occipital protuberance 2 are only two in number : one represents the great sphenoidal 

 ' Median spur of the o'cci- fi s . 8U . re - the . ot . her the . rou t nd /ramen. The carotid not.-h, 

 uital bone- 3 Parietal J omm S a similar one in the temporal bone, forms an op. n- 

 ' bone- 4 Or'iein'of the pa- ing which may be designated the carotid font men, because 

 rietal crests; 5, Zygomatic it gives passage to an extremely remarkable Irop the in- 

 process of the temporal ternal carotid artery describes after passing through tho 

 bone 6 Frontal bone 6' carotid canal. The oval foramen is the 8nme as in the Ox. 

 Orbital ' process- 7 Vy- ^ n *^ e ^ a * taerc ls tnc 8ame <liP 8 't' on W| th the ex- 

 K oma; 8, Lachrymal bone ; ceptionof nosphcnoidal canal or ca.ofd notch bring pr, not 

 9, Nasal bone ; 10, Super- 6 - Temporal bone. In the c-rmvora, the articular sur- 

 maxilla- 11 inferior ori- face of the zvgomatic proo< s.s merely forms a gle, ...i 1 

 fice of the supermaxillo- cft vity, into which the c..ndyle of the maxillary bone 

 dental canal 12 Pre- exactly fits. The temporal bono in these animals is also 

 maxillary bone. distinguished by the width of the external auditory canal, 



the absence of a hyoid prolongment, the small development 

 of the mnstoid and styloid processes, the enormous volume 



of the mastoid protuberance, and the presence of two particular canals which cannot be 

 traced in the other animals. One of them, the camliil <-n,,<il, traverses the mastoid 

 portion, and joins, superiorly, the venous canal which passes between the basilar 

 process and the temporal bone; by its inferior extremity it joins the carotid foramen 

 which itself penetrates the cranium, a little beyond the venous canal just mention- <1. 

 The other conduit is pierced in the petrous portion immediately above the carotid cniml ; 

 it affords a passage to the fifth pair of encephalic nerves. 



