mi: HEAD. 



7. Sujiermaxillary Ixnic. In carnivora, this bone is very short ; its anterior border 



- i long process analogous to the nasjil -pine i.f Man. It alom- furnishes the alveolus 

 of the tusk. The palatino canal, pieiecd entirely in the Ixme of that name, nevertheless 



- by its inferior extremity, at the junction of the supcrmaxillary with the palate 

 l>one. The maxillary sinus is not very spacious, and there is no maxillary spine. 



oone. Of little size, the pn maxillary 



i 



of carnivora has no incisive foramen or alveolar cavity for 

 line tooth. The incisive openings are the same as 

 in the Pig. 



:'. r,il<it"lione. In the camivora, the palate bones are 

 it extent in their proper palatine ]>ortion. They have 

 no .-hare in the formation of the sphcnoidal sinuses, but 

 furnish a small excavation to the maxillary sinuses. 



10. Pteryijoid IKHH-. This bone is very strong in car- 

 nivnra, and quadrilateral in shape. 



11. Xyijonta. The /ygoma of the Dog and Cat only 

 articulates with the supermaxillary bone by its base. The 



s-iil'.s a curve backwards, and the summit com- 

 I>rts itself as in the I 



r_>. l.ii'-Ju-i/iifil bone. This bone in camivora is ex- 

 tremely small. Its external face entirely belongs to the 

 orbit, ami does not descend beneath the margin of that 

 cavity ; it has no lachrymal fossa. 



1 :":. Nasal bone. The two bones of the nose are litlle 

 di-vclojed. and are wider below than above; they have 

 no nasal prolongation, but offer instead a semicircular 

 notch. 



14. Turlinated lones. These bones in the Dog and Cat 

 are particularly distinguished for their numerous convo- 

 lutions. Neither participate in the formation of the frontal 

 or maxillary sinuses; the latter is not in any way closed 

 by the maxillary turbinated bone, but opens into the 

 nasal cavity by a large gaping aperture. 



15. Inferior maxillary lone. In camivora, this is 

 hollowed at the point corresponding to the insertion of 

 the masseter muscle into a somewhat dt ep fossa. The 

 posterior border is disposed as in ruminants, and below 

 the condyle has a very marked tuberosity. The condyle 



nts an ovoid segment, and fits exactly into the 

 temporal cavity. The coronoid process is very strong, 

 elevated, and wide. Tin- mental foramina are double or 

 treble. Tin re are no interdental gp.iccs, nor excavated 

 surface on the inner face of the branches; and the latter 

 nsolidated. 



llifn'il lane. The three pitces composing the body 

 of the hyi.ii I in early life are never ciinsnlidated in the 

 adult animal, but always rcma n i.-olated, as in Man. 

 The middle piece has no anterior appendix; the tibro- 

 cartilagis uniting the styloid portions to each other and 

 ti. the temporal bone are vry long and flexible. 



COMPARISON OK THE HEAD OF MAN WITH THAT OF TUB 

 DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 



1. Occipittil Lone. The occipital of Man is large, flat, 

 incurvautl like a shell, and the external protuberance is 

 slightly developed, and united by a ridge to the oceij.it il 

 foramen, which is relatively very wide. Two series of 

 ridges arise from the external protuberance and pass 

 t- wards the circumference of the Itoiie ; these are the 

 Mi|N-rii>r and inferior curved or .-emicircnlar lines. There 

 anterior and a posterior condyloid fo.-s;i pierced by a 

 foremen at the bottom; and the jugular eminences, wide and slightly prominent, re- 

 place the Mvl;d processes of the dm. -.-tieati d animals. 



The int'-nial face i.f the occipital of Man corresponds with the cerebrum and 



DOG'S HEAD; POSTERIOR FACE. 



I, Occipital protuberance; 2, 

 Occipital foramen ; 3, Occi- 

 pital condyle ; 4, (.'onilylniil 

 foramen; 5, Styloid ]>; 

 of the occipital ; 6, Mastoid 

 protuberance ; 7, Concave 

 temporo-maxillary articular 

 surface ; 8, Supercondy- 

 loid eminence ; 9, Inferior 

 orifice of the parieto-tem- 

 i canal; In, Lacer- 

 ated foramen, posterior ; 11, 

 Ditto, anterior. On the op- 

 posite side at n is shown 

 the oririce coininuuicatinu: 

 with the Kustachi.in tube 

 ;\nil the tympanum; at 6 

 the passage for the carotid 

 convolution. 12, Body of 

 t In- sphenoid ; 1 3, Oval fora- 

 men ; 14. Interior orifice of 

 the subsphenoidal canal ; 

 !.">. I'trrygoid bone; l>>. 

 Nasal .surface of the palate 

 bone; 17, 1'alatiiif Mirf.icf 

 of the same; 18, Vnnu-r; 



1'.', Sii]n-nii:i\ill:ii-y l"'ii.'; 

 Jo. Incisive opening. 



