THE ANTERIOR LIMBS. 79 



In applying to thorn the names proposed by Liser, we have, in the upper 

 row : 



1. The pisiform, or supercarpal bono (trapr/ium) ; 



2. The pyramidal (or cuneiform) bone ; 



3. The semilunar (or lunare) bone ; 



4. The scaphoid bone ; 



lu the inferior row : 



1. The hook or unciform bone ; 



2. The great bone or capitatum (magnum) ; 



3. The trape/oid bone. 1 



The description of these bones is most simple, and may bo made in a 

 manner for all. Thus, with the exception of the supercarpal bone, 

 they are solids, nearly cubical in form, and exhibit on their periphery : 

 1, Articular surfaces ; 2, Surfaces of insertion. 



The articular surfaces represent small, flat, or slightly-undulating facets, 

 di>tril)iitfd on the siiperior, inferior, and lateral surfaces ; none are found in 

 front or behind. The superior and inferior faces are entirely occupied by 

 ii single facet which responds either to the radius, the metacarpal, or to the 

 bone of the other row. The lateral facets are always multiple and in contact 

 with the bones of the same tier ; they do not exist, of course, on the eccentric 

 side of the first and third bones of the superior or inferior rows. 



The surfaces of insertion are absent on the superior and inferior faces ; 

 they separate, in the form of roughened fossae, the lateral articular facets. 

 Before and behind they are covered by more or less marked rugosities. 



BONES OF THE UPPER OR ANTIBRACHIAL Row. Theirs/, or os pisiforme, 

 is without the row ; it is situated above and behind the carpus, from whence 

 its name of supercarpal bone, by which it is usually known in veterinary 

 anatomy. This bone, which merits a special description, represents a disc 

 flattened on both sides, offering for study two faces and a circumference. 

 Tiie external face is convex, roughened, and channeled anteriorly by a 

 groove that traverses it from above to below, and in which glides the 

 inferior tendon of the external flexor of the metacarpus. Its internal face, 

 smooth and concave, concurs to form the external wall of the carpal sheath. 

 The circumference presents, in front, two articular facets : the superior, 

 concave, corresponds to the radius ; the inferior, convex, is in contact with 

 the second bone of the upper row. 



The other throe bones of this row increase in volume from without to 

 within. 



The second, or os pyramidalis (or cuneiform}, responds to the radius, 

 the first bone of the lower row, the third of the upper, and the supercarpal 

 bone ; it has in all five articular facets. 



The third, or os semilunare (lunare), has six facets, and is united below to 

 the first and second bones of the second row. 



' The analogue of the tra{>e/ium of MUM is not found in the Horse. According to M. 



lit to regard as such n small supernumerary bono sometimes seen artiVu- 



latinu- behind tin- third l>one. Wo arc entirely of his opinion. (Ltyli is also of this 



11, and stales that this suj>erniunerary bono is more I'n <|ii- ntly found in lur#- 



"imiiuii-lired horoos. Stubbs, in his old, hut fine ' Anatomy of tin- Mur.M .' dor* not nf. i t.> 



it. h'i- thesi-vi -nth bone us the |i : sifonn. IVreivall says the M:|M rnumerary )-!,, 



i.> in t invariably present, and that sometimes two are found. Ho designates Stnl.b>' and 



Chauveau's pisiform bone as the trapezium. (Jirard names tho supernumerary bone tli- 



mi " or pea-shaped. When one or more of these oa^eoua nodules arc pn><.-nt, tlu\ 



represent tho pollex and fifth digit of tho human hand.) 



