////: .\\TKRIOR LIMi:<. 



::. IHy'itul Hujh'H. In the domestuMt. d animals tin- number of complete digits is as 

 follows : 



Carnivora .1 



4 



Itumiiiaiits 2 



Tho five dibits nf tlie Dog and Cat are exactly analogous to those of Man. Thus, the 

 ,il r, . IT. -| muds to the auricularis, the second to the annularis, the third to the 

 nif<liiis. tin- fourth to tliu index, and the internal to the thumb. The latter, very small, 

 ily two phalanges and does not come into contact witli the ground. Ku<-h "f tin- 

 first r'.nr i- < imposed: 1, Of a first phalanx, to which are annexed two sesanioid.-: 

 I plnlanx, which yet represents a veritable long bone; 8, A conical phalan- 

 pointed, I" nt downwards, and hollowed at its base by a circular groove, in which 

 ..-i-d tin- matrix of tin- claw. The small sesamoid (or navicular bone) is absent, but 

 i< n-plai'i-d by a prominence of the uugueal plmlmx. The auricularis and index are 

 alike, and not so long as the annularis ami im-dins, which are the same in length. 



The /'/;/ has four complete digits articulating from the metacarpals ; the thumb is 

 . The index and auricularis, or fourth and fifth digits, are short, and do not 

 usually rest on the ground. 



liiiniiiianlg certainly possess four digits, but only two are perfect the medius and 



annularis and these articulate with the inferior extremity of the principal metacarpal. 



The two others the index and auricularis are in a rudimentary condition, and an- 



nted by two small bones situated above and behind the metacarpo-phalangeal 



articulation. 



In the OJT, Sheep, and Goat, each of the perfect digits comprises three phalanges and 

 seaunoid*. 



The jir.<t jihulnnx fairly represents the moiety 

 of the phalanx in the Horse. It has no posterior 

 imprints, but shows them on its inner surface 

 lor the attachment of several ligaments. This 

 internal face is plane, and the external convex ; 

 these characters are repeated in the other two 

 phalanges. It is also remarked in all the pha- 

 l;i lineal bones, that the external articular facet 

 i if the extremities is always larger than the 

 internal. Of the two sesanunds, the external is 

 larger and less elongated than the internal. 

 They articulate with each other, and with the 

 first phalanx by small diarthrodial facets. 



Tho second phalanx is hollowed internally 

 by a small medullary cavity. 



/ jiltolanx, as a whole, resembles 



o:ie of tin- lateral nioit ties of the os pedis of 



This phalanx has no complementary 



iibro-cartiinge, basilar process, or retrossal emi- 



ni-nee. ii' ir yet a cavity of insertion on the sides 



nt the pyramidal eminence. The s- mi lunar 



i -laced by an obtuse, thick, and rugged 



'. whieli oeeupies quite the posterior limit 



of tin- inf'-rior face of the bone. Three large 



:etrate the third phalanx, two to the 



bate of tin- pyminitl.il eminence, and one towards 



tin- origin of the pn plantar fissure. They form, 



in the interior of the bone, a vast sinus, giving 



i s. M n.l vascular canals which open on the 



surface. There is only one foramen at the base of 



the pyramidal eminence in \hcsmallerKuiniitanU. 



COMPARISON Or THE THORACIC LIMB OF If AN WITH 

 '111 AT OF THE DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. 



Fig. 54. 



I>KR. The shoulder of man (fig. 54) 

 has for its base two well-developed Ix.m -, the 

 !:i and elaviHe. The wapiila i.> m<>re dis- 

 tinctly triangular than that of all the ilnm-.-ti- 



animals; it.^ \erUbral In-nK-r in also nuTe ,\t.n.-i\(. The scapular spine, very 



1IUMAX SCAI'fLA J EXTERNAL ASPECT. 



1, Supraspinous fossa; 2, Infraspinous 

 fosa; ;5, Su|H!rior border; 4, Supra- 

 scapular notch ; 5, Anterior or axillary 

 ^rder ; 6, Head of the scapular and 

 glenoid cavity; 7, Inferior angle; 8, 

 k of the scapula; 9, Postt-ricir 

 border; 10, Spine; 11, Triun-uUr 

 smooth surface, over which the tt-n<l"ti 

 nf tin- tr;ii-/.iii-> ^li'lt-s, with the tuber- 

 culuir spinic scapula; between it and 

 10; *-. AiT'.niion process; l.'l, Xutriont 

 foramen ; 14, Coracoid process. 



