lOti ////: BONE6 



The rim of the colyloid cavity has nlx> three notches, and tin- siipracotv loid crest, or 

 ischiatic spine, is very elevated and sharp, and hut little roughened oiit\\ar.lly. 



The external iliac fossa of the Sheep t\in\ (ii><it in separated into t\\o JKX lions by a small 

 longitudinal cre.-t. 



Tl- pt-lvis of the Pig closely resunbhs that of the small, r ruminant-; th n-li the 

 crcat of thu ilium ia convex, and there is no protubenuuv mit.-id.- th, is lii<>-pul>ie 

 BymphyMs. 



In ('; roro the lateral diameter of the pelvis is gnat, r behind tl an in front. 

 ilium is nearly vertical, and ita external face is much <! ]> --id. The notch formin.: the 

 i.M'hial arch occupies no more tlmn the internal moiety of tin- posterior l>nli r nt' the 

 ischium ; between thin arch and the ischiatie tnbero.-ity is a rugged lip din eti-d down- 

 wards. There is no furrow on the lower fnce of the pubis. 



B. THIUH. In all the domesticated animals except Solipeds, the/emur tends to bc< 

 curved, prismatic, and triangular; the posterior face contracts, and the surfaces of insertion 

 that it presents gradually approach each other until they become confounded and form the 

 linea asperd in certain species. The head is more distinct; the small trorhanter is u 

 rough tubercle, and is joined to the large trochanter by nn oblique osseous lip : the \-.il\< r 

 trochanter subsides and forms a single mass whose summit and convexity nre con- 

 founded; the third trochanter, the fossa, and the supracondyloid crest are more 01 

 eflaced. 



In the Ox, there is no subtrochanterian crest; the supracondyloid fossa is shallow, 

 and the ere?t little noticeable. The head is well detached and has its cuitr 

 cavuted by a shallow fosta of insertion. The trochlca is narrow, and its inner l> 

 ascends much higher on the anterior face of the bone than the external. 



In the Sheep and Goat, the general form of the femur resembles that of the Ox. It is 

 observed, however, that the body is slightly curved backwards; lhat the supracondyloid 

 fossa is nearly obliterated ; that the troclianter has subsided nearly to a level with thu 

 articular head, and that the trochlea is circumscribed by two equal-sized HJ>H. 



In the femur of the Pig there is also noticed a supracondyloid fossa, but it is wide 

 and shallow; the rugosities of the posterior face are replaced by some salient lines ; the 

 trochanter is on a level with the head ; the latter is su parted by a somewhat conM 

 neck, and is situated within and in front of the great trochanter. This latter di-pii*itii>n 

 changes the direction of the great axis of the superior extremity, which obliquely t 

 that of the inferior extremity. 



In the Dog and Cat, the femur is long and curved like a bow. The rugged sin ; 

 of the posterior face nre confounded, and form two crests representing the liuea a.-peru of 

 the human femur. These crests do not lie against each other in the middle portion of 

 the bone; they are merely parallel, then they diverge above and below, to terminate 

 beneath the great and small trochanters, and above the two condyles. The great tro- 

 chanter is not so high as the articular head. The femur of Camivoia is also distin- 

 guished : 1, By the complete absence of the third trochanter and the supracondyloid 

 fossa this last being replaced by a small tubercle which terminates below the external 

 branch of the linea aspera ; 2, By the nurked constriction and length of the neek MI|>- 

 jx>rting the articular head; 3, By the depth of the digital fossa, which is bordered by an 

 oblique lip extending from the great to the small troclianter. 



C. LEO. In the leg-bone there is observed, in the various domesticated animals, differ- 

 ences analogous to those mentioned as existing in the fore-arm of the thoracic limb. Moie 

 particularly is this the case with regard to the development of the fibula ; in Hnminants 

 this, bone is reduced to its inferior nucleus. In these animals the patella i.- al.-i very 

 narrow; and in all the domesticated species except S>lipeds, the articular grooves in the 

 lower end of tho tibia are directed immediately from before to In-liiad. 



In the Ox, the tibia is short ; it is longer in the Gotit and the Sheep. The tilin of 

 these animals is remarkable for: 1, The absence of the lateral facet on th< Mipeni- 

 external tuberosity ; 2, The absence of a vertical fossa on the utiteri. r tnlieio.-ity ; 

 3, The absence of roughem-d lines on the posterior face ; the obliquity downward! and 

 inwards of the inferior articular surface. The most salient point of this surface is the 

 anterior extremity of the middle tenon. 



The body of the fibula and its upper extremity are replaced by a fibrous cord which 

 is sometimes ossified wholly or in part. 



In the Pig, the fibula is flattened on l*>th sides, extends the whole length of th 

 and is united to the tibia by its two extremities : above, by a diarthrodia! ia t : below. 

 by an interosscous ligament. It is developed from three oilic centre.,; the inferior 

 articulates with the lalcaneus and astragalus, and forms a i inmin n< v n .-embling the 

 mil malleolus. 

 In Car.ij'roro. the tibia is long and slender, and presents a salient anterior crest. The 



