ARTICULATIONS OF TUK ANTERIOR L7.V/-S. 



l.V) 



bones of the lower carpal row ; the deep portion, much thicker, is attached 

 tn tho posterior face of the principal metacarpal for about 8-10ths of au inch. 

 Jt has bvn wrongly assorted that the suspensory ligament of the fetlock is 

 continuous with the common posterior ligament of the carpus ; it is, on tho 

 contrary, quite distinct from it. The carpal stay or deep palmar aponeu- 

 rosis of Man, is alone in direct continuity with tho common posterior liga- 



Fig. 88. 



merit of tho carpus. The suspensory ligament of 

 the fetlock is bifid at its inferior extremity ; its 

 two branches, after being fixed into the summits 

 <it' tin- MMmoid bones, give origin to two fibrous 

 bands which pass downwards and forwards to 

 become united on each side to tho anterior ex- 

 tensor tendon of the phalanges. It is in relation, 

 by its posterior face, with tho perforans tendon and 

 ite carpal stay ; by its anterior face, with the 

 median metacarpal bone, and arteries and veins ; 

 by its borders, with two small interosseous muscles, 

 the lateral metacarpal bones, and the digital 

 vessels and nerves. 



SynorAal membrane. This membrane is pro- 

 longed as a cul-de-sac between the terminal 

 branches of the preceding ligament. It is the 

 distentiou of this sac which causes the articular 

 swellings vulgarly designated "windgalls." 



Movements. The metacarpo-phalangeal articu- 

 lation permits the extension and flexion of the digit, 

 and some slight lateral motion when the movable 

 osseous ray is carried to the limits of flexion. 



In the Ox, Sheep, and Goat, this articulation consti- 

 tutes a double hinge which resembles the simple gin- 

 glymus of raonodactyles. 



They have three intersesamoid ligaments : two lateral 

 to unite the large seeamoida of each digit, and a median 

 which unites the internal sesamoids. The inferior teta- 

 1 1 iijamentous apimralus is far from showing the some 

 degree of development us in the Horse; it is reduced for 

 each iliint to four small bands, which remind one very 

 iii'n-h of the deep ligament i the latter animal, as it has 

 -riln-.l by Uigot: two lateral bands pass directly 

 from the sesamoids to the upper extremity of the first 

 phalanx; the other two, situated 1 tweeu the first, inter- 

 cross and are confounded with the latter by their x- 

 tn -mini -. A lateral setamoid liijaiuent unites the first phalanx to the external aeeamoid. 

 ich digit there are two lateral metacarpo-pludangeal ligament*: an external, 

 :! that of tin- HIT.-I-, but 1-.SS complicated, is attached by its inferior extremity 

 tn tho first phalanx only; the other, internal, fixed superiorly in the bottom of the inter- 

 iirtieular noteli of the metaciirpal bone, is inserted into tin- inner face <.f tin- lir>t 

 inx in mixing its fibres with those of the tuperior int>r<li'jitnl li>j<int>nt. Tin's 

 is -mm' ! \ -twi-en tin- two first phalanges, and is composed of short, intercrossed 

 -. attach, d t-i tin- iin]irint.s which in part cover the int.-rii il t'.ioe of tin- two tir-t 

 p!iala!i-_" al Unies. In tlie Mt< >']> tin-re, tare only truces of this iiitcrdigital ligament, and 

 each int. rnal metacarpo-phalangeal ligament gives rise, near its phalange*! insertion, to 

 n lil.p.u- lin'i -li which is directed backwards from the intcrdigital space, an<l is 

 tenniiiatiil in the bone of the ergot (or posterior rudimentary di^'it). which it sustains. 

 'I li. 'interior or aiptular liijamenl, single us in S>li|-<l>, unite< tin- two external lateral 

 The M/*-#ory liijnuunt, .-iii-h .-ii|M-riorly, i- dividi-d inferiorly into eight 

 n -.1. two of which are joini ,1 to tin |., -rloratus tendon to form with it the double 

 through which the two bniiichc.i of tin- perlor.iiis pass. Four other braiu-i 



SECTION OF Till: INFERIOR 

 ROW OF CARPAL BONES, 

 THE METACARPAL, AND T1IK 

 8USPEXSORY LIGAMENT OF 

 THE FETLOCK. 



1, Os magnum ; 2, Common 

 posterior ligament of the 

 carpus ; 3, Stay, or band 

 for the j>erforans tendon ; 

 4, Suspensory ligament of 

 the fetlock ; 5, Ita super- 

 ficial layer; 6, Its deep 

 ulus; 7, Principal 

 metacarpal bone. 



