./:/,'.!/. ro.Y>7/>/.7M77</.YX o.V Till: >77,7/'/.7> .Vr>< 7./.X 185 



3. The regions of the anterior limit may !> pr< pared at the same time. or immediately 

 afterwards. 



I. Separate tlie two [tosterior liml's l.y >:iwin^ the tVmiirs through their middle, aud 

 prih'. . d t.. tli,- di-- i-ti<in nf tin- iniise]. - of tin- iMi.-t-rior leg and foot. 



5. l?y means of another application of the saw across tin- miildle of the loins, tin- 

 prlvi- i- . in].!, t. lv isolated for the preparation of the coccygeal muscles, and the ! p 

 mn.-cles of the internal crural region, nearly us they are represented in figures 'JO 

 iiii.l l::i. 



;. The animal being placed on its side, the pectoral cavity is opened by rawing 

 through the ribs near their extremities; on the two particular portions thus obta'm-d 

 may be studied, in one part, the triangularis of the sternum, ami in the other the deep 

 muscles of the inferior cervical region, including the long muscle of the neck and 

 tlie anterior and lateral straight muscles of the head. 



7. Lastly, the head is disarticulated and the muscles of this region aie prepared. 

 The subject may afterwards serve for the study of nearly all the articulations. 

 Prtfrr<ttion <// tin mutdet. The muscles may be preserved by immersing them in 

 appropriate fluids, aud the muscular preparations by drying them. 



A large number of liquids preserve muscles from putrefaction. We may mention 



alcohol ; a mixture of alcohol and spirits of turpentine ; alcohol, water, and chloroform ; a 



Dilution of sulphate of iron, bichloride of mercury, or arsenious acid. The best preservative 



fluid, however, is nitric acid diluted with water, in the proportion of one of the former 



ti tliree of the latter. The acid hardens the muscles and softens the conjunctival 



; this allows all the interstices to be completely cleared out, and even permits the 



primitive muscular fasciculi which have been concealed by the white tissues to be exposed. 



Desiccation, after immersion in a bath of arsenious acid or sulphate of iron, causes 



the muscles to become hardened and deformed. It is therefore a bad procedure. 



(A careful dissection of the muscles, with regard to their origin, insertion, action, and 

 relations, is of infinite importance to the student of human anatomy ; to the Veterinary 

 Student it is no less important, and more particularly with reference to the muscles of the 

 limbs. A correct knowledge of their situation, attachments, and functions is often the 

 only guide the Veterinary Surgeon can rely upon in the diagnosis of those apparently 

 obscure cases of lameness which are of such comparatively frequent occurence. In the 

 words of Mr. Henry Gray, we may repeat that " an accurate knowledge of the points of 

 attachment of the muscles is of great importance in the determination of their action. 

 By a knowledge of the action of the muscles, the surgeon is able at once to explain the 

 causes of displacement in the various forms of fracture, or the causes which produce 

 distortion in the various forms of deformities, and, consequently, to adopt appropriate 

 treatment in each case. The relations also of Home of the muscles, especially those in 

 immediate apposition with the larger bloodvessels, and the surface markings they pro- 

 duv. .-hould he especially remembered, as they form most useful guides to the surgeon 

 in th>- application of a ligature to these Teasels." ' Aimtoiny, Descriptive and Surgical.' 



accurat'- knowledge of the muscular system is also of great service to the 

 .nary Surgeon in estimating the value to be placed upon the external conformation 

 t.il liy animals intended for different k i in Is of labour. 



" In di.-x ctim:." .-ay- Mr. Holdi-n. " there are four principal objects to be constantly 

 in mind by the student: 1st, The impression on the memory of those fa- 

 il anatomy taught in the lectures. 2nd, The study of those parts of the body 

 i .specially concerned in surgical affections and operations. 3rd, The education :' 

 touch, and of the hand in the use of instruments ; and 4th, The educa'i>ni 

 of tin- eye in the knowledge of the several tissues of the body, in various positions, and 

 van ing circumstances. . . . The education of the eye is a gradual aud tedious process, 

 but ".,.. which is pretty certain to be satisfactorily accomplished if the student do but 

 li-- hi.- h :i..l- properly, and therefore a few words on the manual {tart of dissection may 

 not be out of place. 



l-'ir-t. as to the instrument* requiMtr for dissection. A case, containing six or tiirht 



Is, t\\o puirs of scissors, a pair of dissecting forceps, a set of chain-luniks, a blow- 



pijM-, and a pro!*-, \sill cnuMe the student to make all requisite duMcttoni, cappoaing 



that he is allowed the ux- of a saw and chisel in the dissecting-room. Great vari. t> 



in tlissecting-cascs, both as to form and expense, but so long as the in.-tn: 



are strong and good, the simpler the case the better. Scalpels tor .li--.-. ti-n 



are made of two principal shapes ; in one, the edge is bevelled to the point, the back 



_-ht ; in tin' other, Loth hack and edge arc bevelled to a point mida\ 



Th'- latter form is pn-feriible for most purposes. The Made Mioidd 



not I*- mure than an inch ami a halt' lonjj, ami never double edged ; luit tin- material of 

 which the hand! acted is a matter of indiflcrii 



